Lumbee Timeline

Cheraws

Jan 1, 1700

CherawPre 1700 to 1703 Cheraws are documented as living on or near the Dan River in two settlements near the state border of southwest Virginia.

Lumbee Tribe of NC

Period: Nov 23, 1700 to Nov 23, 2001

Intertribal Warfare

Nov 1, 1711

1711-1712 Cheraws participated in alliance of tribes engaged in intertribal warfare against Tuscarora in war in northeastern NC. Tuscaroras were defeated mostly by Indian allies of European colonists. Thousands of Tuscaroras were killed or enslaved.

Herbert Map

Nov 23, 1725

1725 Herbert Map was completed that shows the Wacoma (Waccamaw) tribe on Drowning Creek (Lumbee River), NC.

1790 Census

Nov 23, 1790

1790 Census1790 Locklears, Chavises, Oxendines, Hammonds, Brooks, Cumbos, Revels, Carters, and Kerseys (people with predominant Lumbee surnames) are listed on the 1790 Census of Robeson County as "All other free persons".

NC State Constitution

Nov 23, 1835

1835 1835 NC State Constitution was amended to disenfranchise Indians along with Blacks; Indians lose important citizenship rights.

Henry Berry Lowrie

Nov 23, 1864

1864-1874 Henry Berry Lowrie, legendary Lumbee outlaw/folk hero, led guerilla war against violent and oppressive Confederate officials, and later, US Military officials.

NC General Assembly

Nov 23, 1885

1885 NC General Assembly recognized the Indians of Robeson County as Croatan and established a separate school system for Indians.

Croatan Indian Normal School

Nov 23, 1887

1887 Indian leaders and NC General Assembly established a Croatan Indian Normal School, which eventually grew to becomes the University of NC at Pembroke.

US House Committee on Indian Affairs

Nov 23, 1900

1900 Congressman Bellamy spoke before the US House Committee on Indian Affairs and reported on origins, history, and needs of the Croatan (Lumbee).

Changed name to- Indians of Robeson County

Nov 23, 1911

1911 NC General Assembly changed name of tribe to "Indians of Robeson County" (Lumbee).

US Bureau of Indain Affairs

Nov 23, 1919

US Bureau of Indian Affairs1919 O.M. McPherson, Special Indian agent with the US Bureau of Indian Affairs, visits Robeson County to study Lumbee.

NC General Assembly changed name- Lumbee

Nov 23, 1953

1953 NC General Assembly changed name of Indians of Robeson County to "Lumbee".

KKK Maxton, NC

Nov 23, 1958

1958 After the Klan threatened Lumbee tribal members, Lumbee Indians used force of arms to route Ku Klux Klan in confrontation near Maxton, NC. The Lumbee tribe received national and international news media attention for its defense of its community against outside "hate groups."

LRDA

Nov 23, 1968

LRDA1968 Lumbee Regional Development Association (LRDA) organized to improve quality of life for Indian people in Robeson, Hoke, and Scotland counties.

National Congress Of American Indians

Nov 23, 1971

National Congress American Indians1971 - Present Leaders of LRDA joined and represented the Lumbee tribe in the National Congress of American Indians, the oldest, largest, and most respected Indian organization in the United States.

Bill to amend

Nov 23, 1974

Lumbee Act of 19561974 Bill introduced in US Congress to amend Lumbee Act of 1956 to provide full federal recognition to Lumbee Tribe.

1988 Bill

Nov 23, 1988

1988 Bill introduced in US Senate and House of Representatives for recognition of the Lumbee.

1991 Bill

Nov 23, 1991

1991 Bill introduced in US Congress for recognition of the Lumbee Tribe. Bill passed in House of Representatives, but died in Senate.

Lumbee Tribal Council

Nov 23, 2001

Lumbee Tribal Council2001 Lumbee elect first Lumbee Tribal Council. For more information about the Tribal Council