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Peninsula Campaign
• Early April, 1861
• 60,000 Union soldiers commanded by McClellan facing 92,000 confederate’s commanded by Robert E. Lee
• Lee attacked McClellan's right flank north of the Chickahominy, union had around 30,000, against an army of some 85,000 on July 26.
• McClellan on the retreat, commanding his army to fall back to Harrison's landing on the James River. He then wrote a letter blaming the government for the lack of reinforcements, and said he can’t be blamed for the loss. -
Period: to
Civil War
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Fort Sumter
• The battle began on April 12, 1861 and officially ended on April 14, 1861.
• The Confederates were the winning side of this battle.
• This battle proved that peace would not be met between the North and South, thus marking the start of the civil war.
• The Union originally occupied the fort, though it held little value. The south told the Federal troops to evacuate the fort, however the demands were refused. The confederates bombarded Fort Sumter for 34 hours until Anderson’s surrender. -
First Bull Run
• The battle took place on July 21, 1861.
• The Confederates were the winning side of this battle.
• The battle proved to the North that a quick victory would not be so easy to achieve, and gave hope to the South that they, themselves, could pull off a swift victory.
• The Union appeared to be heading toward victory until Confederate reinforcements arrived. Both sides exchanged equal blows until a final counterattack by the South. This final counterattack is known as the "Rebel Yell". -
Second Bull Run
• July 1861- August 30, 1861
• McClellan continued to resist distribution of troops onward to Pope's aid, disagreeing that they were essential to protect Washington.
• Lee remained in communication with Jackson through cavalry troops commanded by Jeb Stuart. After a firefight among Jackson's men and Pope's men at sunset on August 28, Pope organized his army overnight to mount an attack against the Confederates
• The plan was a complete disaster, faced with Lee's entire army; the army retreated a -
Hampton Roads
• The battle began on March 9, 1862 and ended on March 8, 1862.
• The victors of this battle are indecisive.
• This battle began a new era in naval warfare, and gave hope to the south that the Union blockade might be broken.
• The Confederate’s “Virginia” took out the North’s “Monitor”. “Virginia” began to attack the northern “Minnesota”. Reporting disabilities, “Virginia” headed to its naval yard. -
Vicksburg
• In the Spring of 1862 through July 1863
• Union armies conducted a campaign to take the Confederate’s hold of Vicksburg, Mississippi
• Vicksburg was the only key remaining point of the southern defense of the Mississippi River.
• Grant thought of a bold move that would make him able to take the city using high-ground tactics from the east
• To take it he also used methodical siege tactics while expanding his forces.
• With the submission of Vicksburg, and the win at the Battle of Gettysburg, -
Shiloh
• On April 6, 1862
• Confederate generals plotted an attack on Ulysses S. Grant's men in southwestern Tennessee. After early successes, soon the Confederates were forced back, resulting in a Union win. Both sides had heavy losses with more than 23,000 deaths
• General Johnston to everyone’s surprise attacked Grant before reinforcements could get there. The battle was fought in the woods, which both sides were in experienced at.
• Even though both sides claimed victorious, it was a Confederate f -
Battle of Antietam
• The battle began on September 17, 1862 and ended on September 18, 1862.
• The Union was the winning side of this battle.
• The Union victory provided the Lincoln administration enough justification to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
• The first many hours were indecisive. However, a series of bloody head-on attacks against Lee’s center finally overran the area later called Bloody Lane. The final action was from Lee’s right, where Union troops finally forced Lee to withdraw. -
Battle of Fredericksburg
• The battle began on December 11, 1862 and ended on December 13, 1862.
• The confederates were the winning side of this battle.
• This battle resulted in a rush of political recriminations. Republican senators voted to remove William Seward, and senators pressed Lincoln to reorganize his cabinet.
• Lee’s confederate troops were able to withstand a head on assault to Marye’s Heights. Longstreet’s artillery mowed down attacking Union soldiers until darkness. The union lost 13,000 men. -
Battle of Chancellorsville
• The battle began on April 30, 1863 and ended on May 6, 1863.
• The Confederacy was the winning side of this battle.
• This battle proved to be the greatest defensive stand by Lee, who, as a result of this battle, proved his strategic dominance over the Union leaders.
• Lee faced an enemy force nearly twice the size of his own. However, he was able to take Union General Hooker by surprise by splitting his own troops into two. Hooker was eventually forced to retreat. -
Battle of Gettysburg
• This battle began on July 1, 1863 and ended on July 3 1863.
• The Union was the winning side of this battle.
• The battle crushed all hopes of foreign recognition of the confederates. The battle also turned the tide of the civil war in the Union’s favor.
• The Confederates were met by Federal troops at Gettysburg. The two sides fought for three days. The Confederates were finally pushed back at Cemetery Ridge. The Confederates suffered a hard 28,000 deaths. -
Battle of Chickamauga
• The battle began on September 19, 1863 and ended on September 20, 1863.
• The Confederates were the winning side of this battle.
• Though it resulted in a victory, the battle had a heavy toll on the Confederates, and set them up for loss in the Battle of Chattanooga. They had lost ten generals and close to 20,000 men.
• Bragg’s men attacked the union’s left side. He later split his men into two, and burst into the federal lines after a poor shift in position. The Union retreated north. -
Gettysburg Address
• This event took place on November 19, 1863.
• In a way, the Union was the winning side during this event.
• The speech redefined belief that the Civil War was not just a fight to save the Union, but as struggle for equality for all.
• At the dedication of a military cemetery at Gettysburg, Lincoln gave a speech lasting only a few minutes that reminded people why the Union had to win the Civil War. -
Spotsylvania
• On May 4, 1864
• Lee moved his army to confront the enemy in the woodland, where the first arrangement of the Union campaign happened on May 5-7.
• For 12 days, Spotsylvania Court House witnessed some of the goriest fighting of the Civil War, with 18,000 Union casualties and 11,000 Confederate casualties.
• Regardless of the cost, Grant's ruthless advance continued -
Wilderness
• Early Morning on May 5
• Confederate forces commanded by Richard Ewell made contact with the Union's 5th Corps near the Orange Turnpike, The fighting was very violent and hectic
• Northerners were to hold their locations and gain a position from which they could attack Lee's right side.
• Both sides were at the same spot from when the battle began, The Battle of the Wilderness was inconclusive -
Petersburg Campaign
• June 9, 1864 – April 9, 1865
• Union soldiers began a blockade of the two cities, with both sides quickly constructing barricades 35 miles long. In a sequence of battles that summer, North defeats were heavy, but, by the conclusion of August, General Ulysses S. Grant seized Fort Harrison on September 29.
• Lee informed President Jefferson Davis that the two cities could no longer be held, and the withdrawal of the cities was carried out that night. After Lee's plot to join -
Mobile bay
• On August 5, 1864
• Farragut's ship navigated into Mobile Bay on the sunrise of Aug. 5, 1864
• He fought the Tennessee for two hours while coming under gunfire from the arms at Fort Morgan
• With the submission of the Tennessee, Mobile Bay was under Union Control and on August 23 Fort Morgan surrendered as well -
Sherman's March
• On September 2, 1864
• General Sherman’s soldiers seized Atlanta
• On November 22, 3,500 Confederate horse regiment began skirmish with the Union armed forces at Griswold Ville, but that concluded so poorly--650 Confederate soldiers were slaughtered, matched to 62 Yankee casualties
• Sherman’s total war in Georgia was ruthless, it squashed Southern morale, most likely accelerated the end of the war -
Battle of Appomattox
• The battle took place on April 9, 1865.
• The Union was the winning side of this battle.
• The surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee put an end to the civil war.
• After abandoning the Confederate capital of Richmond, Lee was cut off by Union General Ulysses S. Grant. The federal army surrounded the Confederates at Appomattox, and Lee surrendered just three miles northeast of their position. -
Lincoln’s assignation
• On April 14, 1865
• His killer was John Wilkes Booth
• At Ford Theater in Washington D.C
• He was shot with .44 caliber pistol
• Was slumped over his chair paralyzed hardly breathing
• Was taken across street and was placed on a bed pronounced dead at 7:22 a.m. by the surgeon general.
