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Rousseau
Jean-Jaques Rousseau's theory is that children's early education should be natural. He also suggested that children should only learn things that are developmentally appropriate. He thought that children have their own individual ways of learning through curiosity and should have the freedom to be themselves. -
Skinner
B.F. Skinner believed that human learning was not automatic or unintentional. He believed in positive reinforcement for a desired behavior to continue. Skinner believed in behaviorist learning perspectives which means learning requires timed tasks, structure, barely any social interaction, skill based learning, routines, and practice. -
Montessori
Maria Montessori believed that children needed early and systematic training to master skills. Her materials for learning were manipulated to teach skills and required children to use their five senses. Her ideas were based off of the behaviorist theory. -
Emergent Literacy
Marie Clay came up with the term emergent literacy. it is the perspectives in preschool and kindergarten. This exposes children to books and is a child-centered approach in learning. It is an approach where social interacting and problems solving is emphasized. Clay assumes that children have some knowledge about language, reading, and writing beforehand. -
Dewey
John Dewey's idea of early childhood education turned into progressive education. Progressive education is also known as child-centered curriculum. He believed curriculum should be built around the chid's interests. Dewey also believed that children learn through play in real-life environments. He believed that social interactions encourage learning. -
Piaget
Jean Piaget's theory was called cognitive development. It is the intellectual capabilities of children at different stages of their own cognitive development. The stages are Sensorimotor (0-2), Preoperational (2-7), Concrete Operational (7-11), and Formal Operations (11-adult). Piaget believed in children learn in natural problem-solving situations through accommodation and assimilation. -
Vygotsky
Lev S. Vygotsky's idea was that learning is acquired through new concepts. He believed that the new concepts are called schemas and that scaffolding helps children realize what they know and what they need to know. He also believed in zone of proximal development where a child does some parts of learning but needs guidance along the way. -
Pestalozzi
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi believed that children should not only learn naturally but they should also learn informal instruction. He did not believe that children can learn completely on their own. -
Froebel
Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel believed in natural learning along with Pestalozzi's idea of instructing young children. He emphasized how important play is while learning. He believed in adult guidance and a planned environment. He introduced the term "kindergarten". Kindergarten means "children's garden"; he compared children to seeds because they need to be cared for by the gardener (teacher). -
National Reading Panel Report
This report introduced key elements that lead to literacy success. It shows findings about the most effective strategies to teach children how to read in kindergarten-third grade. It showed results that shows that learning in certain process were important in becoming a fluent reader before fourth grade. The processes are in order starting with phoneme awareness, phonics, vocabulary, comprehension, and then lastly fluency. -
No Child Left Behind
This act helped to improve literacy in grades K-3. The goal of this act is to help every child in the USA become a fluent reader before fourth grade. This was created to close the achievement gap in literacy development. This was accomplished from reading grants and federal government funding. -
National Early Literacy Panel Report
This report studied research to help see what skills/abilities predict later achievement in reading. The skills/abilities discovered are: children knowing letters of the alphabet/phonological awareness/rapidly naming letters & numbers/identify colors/can remember names of pictures/can write their name & letters/can remember what was said to them/words are read from left to right/books are read from front to back/can show you the cover of a book/produce & comprehend spoken language. -
Common Core
The work for common core was started in 2007-2008. This is not a curriculum or method. It varies by state. -
Read To Succeed
Act 284 helps literacy performance in South Carolina.