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4000 BCE
The Epitaph of Seikilos
The Epitaph of Seikilos is the oldest known complete musical composition, dating from the 1st century CE. Found on a tombstone in Turkey, it includes both lyrics and musical notation in Greek. The song, in the Phrygian mode, carries a message about the brevity of life, encouraging enjoyment while it lasts. The music, written in ancient Greek notation, is still performable today and is a significant example of ancient musical culture. -
Period: Jan 1, 800 to Jan 1, 900
Gregorian Chant
Gregorian Chant is a form of medieval liturgical music, monophonic (single melodic line), and unaccompanied. It developed in the Christian Church and is traditionally attributed to Pope Gregory I, who organized the chants. Sung in Latin, it has a free rhythm, without regular meter. Gregorian chant is primarily used in the Mass and the Divine Office in the Catholic Church, and it plays a central role in Western musical tradition. -
Jan 1, 911
Guido d'Arezzo
Guido d'Arezzo (c. 991–1033) was an Italian music theorist and composer, known for developing the system of solfège (do-re-mi) and staff notation. His method revolutionized music education and notation. His "Micrologus" became a key text in medieval music theory. Guido's innovations helped simplify the learning and performance of music, influencing Western music for centuries. He is regarded as one of the most important figures in the history of music theory. -
Jan 1, 1098
Hildegard von Bingen
Hildegard von Bingen (1098–1179) was a German abbess, composer, and polymath. She is renowned for her contributions to sacred music, composing over 70 liturgical songs, including the famous "Ordo Virtutum", one of the earliest known musical dramas. Hildegard also wrote theological works based on her mystical visions, such as "Scivias". She contributed to medicine, natural history, and science with her texts like "Physica". Canonized as a saint and named a Doctor of the Church in 2012. -
Period: 1100 to 1220
Ars Antiqua
Ars Antiqua (Latin for "old art") refers to the musical style of the 12th and early 13th centuries, particularly in medieval Europe. It is characterized by the development of organum, a form of early polyphony where a plainchant melody is sung with one or more added voices. This period also saw the use of modal rhythm and simpler forms of counterpoint. Notable composers of Ars Antiqua include Léonin and Pérotin, who were central figures in the Notre Dame School of polyphony. -
Jan 1, 1130
Bernart de Ventadorn
Bernart de Ventadorn (c. 1130–1190) was a renowned troubadour from Occitania, famous for his courtly love songs and poems. His works significantly influenced medieval poetry and music in Europe. -
Jan 1, 1150
Léonin
Léonin (fl. c. 1150–1201) was a French composer and one of the earliest known composers of polyphonic music. He is associated with the Notre Dame School and is believed to have worked at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris. Léonin is famous for his organum compositions, particularly the "Magnus Liber Organi", a collection of polyphonic settings of Gregorian chant. He significantly contributed to the development of early polyphony and is considered a pioneer of medieval music. -
Jan 1, 1200
Pérotin
Pérotin (fl. c. 1200) was a French composer and a key figure of the Notre Dame School of polyphony. He is best known for expanding upon the early organum techniques developed by Léonin, adding greater complexity and multiple voices. Pérotin composed organa with up to four voices, particularly in works like "Viderunt omnes" and "Sederunt principes". His innovations in polyphonic music significantly influenced the development of medieval music and the evolution of choral composition. -
Nov 23, 1221
Alfonso X of Castile
Alfonso X of Castile (1221–1284), known as Alfonso the Wise, was a king, scholar, and patron of the arts. He promoted legal reforms with the Siete Partidas, a major legal code, and fostered a cultural renaissance at his court, blending Christian, Jewish, and Muslim knowledge. He is renowned for commissioning the Cantigas de Santa María, a collection of hymns with music. His reign advanced astronomy, science, and intellectual exchange, making him a key figure in medieval Sp -
Jan 1, 1300
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut (c. 1300–1377) was a French composer, poet, and cleric, widely regarded as one of the most important composers of the Ars Nova period of medieval music. He was a pivotal figure in the development of polyphonic music and the motet. Machaut's works spanned both sacred and secular genres, and his compositions are known for their complexity, expressiveness, and innovative use of rhythm and form. -
Period: Jan 1, 1300 to Jan 1, 1400
Ars Nova
Ars Nova was a musical style and period in the late Middle Ages, roughly from the early 14th century to the early 15th century. It represented a shift from the more rigid and simple forms of the Ars Antiqua. Ars Nova was characterized by greater rhythmic complexity, mensural notation (allowing more precise rhythmic control), and the development of polyphony. Composers like Guillaume de Machaut and Philippe de Vitry were key figures, introducing innovations such as isorhythm and syncopation. -
Jan 1, 1325
Francesco Landini
Francesco Landini (c. 1325–1397) was an Italian composer, organist, and singer, and one of the most important figures of the Trecento period (14th-century Italian music). He is best known for his secular music, particularly his ballatas, a form of Italian song. Landini was a virtuoso organist and is considered one of the greatest composers of his time, often associated with the Florentine musical school. -
Jan 1, 1400
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1400–1468) was a German inventor, printer, and publisher, best known for introducing movable type printing to Europe, which revolutionized the production of books and spread knowledge more widely. His most famous work is the Gutenberg Bible, printed around 1455, which is considered one of the earliest major books produced using movable type. This invention played a key role in the Renaissance. -
Aug 12, 1468
Juan del Encina
Juan del Encina (1468–1530) was a Spanish composer, poet, and playwright of the Renaissance. He was born in Ávila and worked at the court of the Catholic Monarchs. He is known for his villancicos and pastoral plays, which blended popular and erudite music. He was a pioneer in incorporating music into dramatic texts and left a significant mark on Spanish Renaissance music. Additionally, his poetry, often critical and humorous, established him as a key figure in the culture of his time. -
Nov 10, 1483
Martín Lutero
Martin Luther (1483–1546) was a German theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation in 1517 by publishing his 95 Theses, criticizing the sale of indulgences and defending justification by faith. He argued that the Bible should be the only religious authority and translated it into German. Excommunicated by the Church, Luther founded Lutheranism, which weakened the power of the Catholic Church and gave rise to new Protestant movements, transforming the religion and culture of Europe. -
Aug 31, 1500
Cristóbal de Morales
Cristóbal de Morales (1500–1553) was a Spanish composer of the Renaissance, known for his sacred music, particularly his masses, motets, and hymns. His works were highly influential during the 16th century and were revered for their intricate counterpoint and polyphony. -
Jan 1, 1510
Antonio de Cabezón
Antonio de Cabezón (1510–1566) was a Spanish composer and keyboard virtuoso of the Renaissance, known for his mastery of the organ and harpsichord. Cabezón is famous for his keyboard works, particularly his fugues, variations, and arrangements of popular melodies, as well as his sacred music. His "Fantasias" and "Burgundian Dances" are notable examples. He served as court organist to the Spanish kings and played a key role in the development of Spanish Renaissance music. -
Jan 1, 1525
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525–1594) was an Italian Renaissance composer, renowned for his contributions to sacred music. Palestrina composed over 100 masses and 300 motets, which are celebrated for their clarity, balance, and emotional depth. His style emphasizes smooth, harmonious voice leading and counterpoint, making his music ideal for liturgical settings. His influence on choral music endures, and he remains a key figure in the development of Western classical music. -
Jan 1, 1532
Orlando di Lasso
Orlando di Lasso (1532–1594) was a Flemish composer of the Renaissance, renowned for his versatility and mastery of both sacred and secular music. He composed over 2,000 works, including masses, motets, madrigals, and chansons. Lasso's music is celebrated for its emotional depth, intricate counterpoint, and sensitivity to text. His works were highly influential in Europe, and he is considered one of the leading composers of the late Renaissance, blending Flemish, and French musical styles. -
Aug 5, 1532
Andrea Gabrieli
Andrea Gabrieli (1532–1585) was an Italian composer and organist, known for his sacred music and instrumental compositions. He worked at St. Mark's Basilica in Venice and played a key role in the development of the Venetian school. Gabrieli's music, characterized by rich textures and dynamic contrasts, helped establish the polychoral style, using multiple choirs and instrumental groups. His work influenced later composers, including his nephew Giovanni Gabrieli. -
Jan 1, 1554
Giovanni Gabrieli
Giovanni Gabrieli (1554–1612) was an Italian composer and organist, known for his polychoral compositions at St. Mark's Basilica in Venice. He was the nephew of Andrea Gabrieli and expanded on the polychoral style, using multiple choirs and instruments for dramatic effects. His music, which includes sacred works and instrumental pieces, influenced the transition from Renaissance to Baroque music and contributed to the development of Baroque style, especially in the use of brass instruments. -
Feb 18, 1554
Maddalena Casulana
Maddalena Casulana (1544–1590) was an Italian composer and singer of the Renaissance, known for being one of the first women to professionally publish music. Her works include madrigals, songs, and sacred music. Casulana was a pioneer in breaking barriers for women in music, working as a composer in a male-dominated era. Her music is characterized by its elegant style and ability to combine vocal techniques with expressiveness. -
Mar 8, 1566
Carlo Gesualdo
Carlo Gesualdo (1566–1613) was an Italian composer and prince, known for his innovative and emotional madrigals. His music, characterized by chromaticism and bold harmonies, was ahead of its time. Gesualdo’s personal life was marked by scandal, as he murdered his wife and her lover after discovering their affair. Despite this, his work influenced later composers, and today he is celebrated for his unique contributions to Renaissance and early Baroque music. -
May 15, 1568
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643) was an Italian composer, singer, and conductor, known for his pioneering contributions to the development of opera and Baroque music. He is famous for works like "L'Orfeo", one of the earliest and most important operas. Monteverdi's music bridges the Renaissance and Baroque periods, incorporating emotional expressiveness and innovative harmonies. He also composed madrigals, sacred music, and other vocal compositions that had a lasting influence on Western music. -
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Tomás Luis de Victoria (1548–1611) was a Spanish composer of the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods, widely considered one of the greatest composers of the Spanish Counter-Reformation. He was known for his sacred music, particularly his motets, masses, and hymns. Victoria's music is celebrated for its emotional depth, expressiveness, and mastery of polyphonic technique. -
Giacomo Carissimi
Giacomo Carissimi (1605–1674) was an Italian composer and teacher of the Baroque period, known for his contributions to sacred music, especially oratorios and madrigals. He was a key figure in the development of the oratorio, with works like "Jephte", which became one of his most famous. Carissimi's music is known for its emotional depth, clear vocal lines, and effective use of chorus and solo voices. He had a significant influence on later Baroque composers, including Handel. -
Barbara Strozzi
Barbara Strozzi (1619–1677) was an Italian Baroque composer and singer, known for her vocal compositions, particularly cantatas, ariettas, and motets. She was one of the most prolific composers of her time, with a strong focus on vocal music, often exploring themes of love and emotion. Strozzi's work was highly regarded in her lifetime, though she faced challenges as a woman in a male-dominated field. Her music is celebrated for its expressiveness and intricate vocal lines. -
Antonio Stradivari
Antonio Stradivari (1644–1737) was an Italian luthier, renowned for creating some of the finest violins, violas, cellos, and other string instruments in history. His instruments, often referred to as Stradivarius, are highly prized for their exceptional craftsmanship, sound quality, and beauty. Stradivari made over 1,100 instruments during his lifetime, and today, his creations are considered among the best in the world, with some fetching millions of dollars at auctions. -
Henry Purcell
Henry Purcell (1659–1695) was an English composer, widely regarded as one of the greatest Baroque composers. He composed a variety of works, including operas, anthems, madrigals, and chamber music. His most famous work is the opera "Dido and Aeneas", known for its emotional depth and expressive music. Purcell is celebrated for his ability to blend English musical traditions with European Baroque styles, and his music had a significant influence on later composers. -
Antonio
Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741) was an Italian composer, violinist, and conductor of the Baroque period. He is known for his concertos, especially "The Four Seasons," a series of violin concertos that depict the seasons of the year. Vivaldi composed over 500 concertos, as well as operas and sacred music. His style is characterized by instrumental virtuosity and innovation in concerto form. He profoundly influenced Baroque music, and his legacy endures to this day. -
Georg Philipp Telemann
Georg Philipp Telemann (1681–1767) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period, known for his prolific output and versatility. He composed over 3,000 works, including operas, orchestral suites, concertos, chamber music, and sacred music. Telemann was highly regarded for his ability to blend different styles, incorporating elements from German, French, and Italian music. His works were influential in shaping Baroque music, and he was a contemporary of Bach and Handel. -
Period: to
Georg Friedrich Handel
Georg Friedrich Handel (1685–1759) was a German-born composer who became a naturalized British citizen. He is famous for his operas, oratorios, and instrumental compositions. His most well-known work is the oratorio "Messiah", which includes the famous "Hallelujah Chorus". Handel's music blends Baroque style with dramatic expression and is known for its grand scale and emotional depth. He had a significant influence on both English and European music, especially in oratorio composition. -
Period: to
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) was a German composer, violinist, organist, and harpsichordist of the Baroque period. He is considered one of the greatest composers in history. His work spans all musical genres of his time, including sacred music, concertos, fugues, and madrigals. Notable works include "The Brandenburg Concertos", "Mass in B minor", and "The Art of Fugue". His music is known for its contrapuntal complexity and emotional depth. -
debut de Jesus Vallejo 🐐👑
Jesús Vallejo es un futbolista español, conocido por su carrera como defensa. Comenzó su carrera profesional en el Real Zaragoza, y su debut oficial en la Primera División de España fue en la temporada 2014-2015, jugando para el Real Zaragoza. -
Primer Balón de Oro de Jesus Vallejo
Despues de ganar la champions en la temporada 2024-2025 marcando un Hat-Trick en la final se le entregaria el Balón de Oro -
Period: to
Los 10 Balones de Oro de vallejo
Jesús Vallejo 🐐👑 después de haber ganado 10 Champions seguidas 10 ligas seguidas 10 copas del rey seguidas 10 supercopas de España seguidas 10 supercopas de Europa seguidas 10 Mundialito de Clubes seguidos 2 mundiales 2 eurocopas y tener un promedio goleador de 3g/partido se convertiría en el ¨GOAT¨ debido a que supero en goles a CR7 teniendo registrados 1000 goles en su carrera y en la temporada 2027/2028 marcaria 126 goles teniendo el record