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100 BCE
epitafio de Seikilos
The Seikilos epitaph is an Ancient Greek inscription that preserves the oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation. Commonly dated between the 1st and 2nd century AD, the inscription was found engraved on a pillar (stele) from the ancient Hellenistic town of Tralles (present-day Turkey) in 1883 -
Period: 476 to 1453
Middle Ages
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630
Gregorian chant
Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song in Latin (and occasionally Greek) of the Roman Catholic Church. Gregorian chant developed mainly in western and central Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries, with later additions and redactions. Although popular legend credits Pope Gregory I with inventing Gregorian chant, scholars believe that it arose from a later Carolingian synthesis of the Old Roman chant and Gallican chant. -
992
Guido d'Arezzo
Guido of Arezzo ( Italian : Guido d'Arezzo ; Arezzo , c. 991/992 – 1050) was an Italian Benedictine monk and music theorist who is one of the central figures of medieval music along with Hucbald (840 – c. 930). -
1098
Hildegard von Bingen
Hildegard of Bingen ( German : Hildegard von Bingen ; Bermersheim vor der Höhe , Holy Roman Empire , summer 1098 – Rupertsberg Monastery , 17 September 1179) was a German Benedictine saint and polymath , active as a composer , writer , philosopher , scientist , naturalist , physician , mystic , monastic leader , and prophetess during the high Middle Ages . -
1135
Bernart de Ventadorn
Bernart de Ventadorn ( Ventadorn ? ( Limousin ) circa 1125/1145 – Monastery of Dalon , c. 1180/1190), also known as Bernart de Ventadour and Bernard de Ventadorn , was a popular Provençal troubadour , composer and poet . He is probably the best-known troubadour of the style called trobar leu . -
1155
Perotin
Pérotin[n 1] (fl. c. 1200) was a composer associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony in Paris and the broader ars antiqua musical style of high medieval music. He is credited with developing the polyphonic practices of his predecessor Léonin, with the introduction of three and four-part harmonies. -
1170
Ars Antiqua
Ars antiqua, also called ars veterum or ars vetus, is a term used by modern scholars to refer to the Medieval music of Europe during the High Middle Ages, between approximately 1170 and 1310. This covers the period of the Notre-Dame school of polyphony (the use of multiple, simultaneous, independent melodic lines), and the subsequent years which saw the early development of the motet, a highly varied choral musical composition. -
1201
Leonin
Léonin (also Leoninus, Leonius, Leo; fl. 1135s–1201) was the first known significant composer of polyphonic organum. He was probably French, probably lived and worked in Paris at the Notre-Dame Cathedral and was the earliest member of the Notre Dame school of polyphony and the ars antiqua style who is known by name. The name Léonin is derived from "Leoninus", which is the Latin diminutive of the name Leo; therefore it is likely that Léonin's given French name was Léo. -
1221
Alfonso X el sabio
Alfonso X of Castile , called the Wise ( Toledo , 23 November 1221 [ 1 ] - Seville , 4 April 1284 [ 2 ] ), was the king of the Crown of Castile and the other titled kingdoms between 1252 and 1284. -
1300
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut (also Machault ) ( Machault ?, Reims , c. 1300 – Reims, April 1377) was a French medieval cleric , poet and composer . His projection was enormous and he is historically the greatest representative of the movement known as Ars nova , being considered the most famous composer of the 14th century . He contributed to the development of the motet and the secular song . -
Period: 1300 to 1400
Renacimiento
The Renaissance period started during the crisis of the Late Middle Ages and conventionally ends by the 1600s with the waning of humanism, and the advents of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, and in art the Baroque period. It had a different period and characteristics in different regions, such as the Italian Renaissance, the Northern Renaissance, the Spanish Renaissance, etc. -
1320
Ars nova
Ars nova (Latin for new art)[2] refers to a musical style which flourished in the Kingdom of France and its surroundings during the Late Middle Ages. More particularly, it refers to the period between the preparation of the Roman de Fauvel (1310s) and the death of composer Guillaume de Machaut in 1377. -
1335
Francesco Landini
Francesco Landini or Landino (c. 1325 – 2 September 1397) was an Italian composer , organist , singer , poet , instrument maker and astrologer . He was one of the most famous and admired composers of the second half of the 14th century and certainly the most famous composer in Italy -
1402
Johannes Gutenberg
was a German inventor and craftsman who invented the movable-type printing press. Though movable type was already in use in East Asia, Gutenberg's invention of the printing press[2] enabled a much faster rate of printing. The printing press later spread across the world,[3] and led to an information revolution and the unprecedented mass-spread of literature throughout Europe. It had a profound impact on the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, and humanist movements. -
1468
Juan de Encina
Juan de Fermoselle, más conocido como Juan del Encina —en la grafía actual de su nombre— o Juan del Enzina —en grafía de la época—, fue un poeta, músico y autor teatral del renacimiento español en la época de los Reyes Católicos. -
1483
Martín Lutero
November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, professor, and Augustinian friar. Luther was the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation, and his theological beliefs form the basis of Lutheranism. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in Western and Christian history. -
1500
cristóbal de morales
Cristóbal de Morales (c. 1500 – between 4 September and 7 October 1553) was a Spanish composer of the Renaissance. He is generally considered to be the most influential Spanish composer before Tomás Luis de Victoria. -
1525
giovanni pierluigi da palestrina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (between 3 February 1525 and 2 February 1526 – 2 February 1594)[n 1] was an Italian composer of late Renaissance music. The central representative of the Roman School, with Orlande de Lassus and Tomás Luis de Victoria, Palestrina is considered the leading composer of late 16th-century Europe.[1] -
1532
Orlando di lasso
Orlando di Lasso (various other names; probably c. 1532 – 14 June 1594) was a composer of the late Renaissance. The chief representative of the mature polyphonic style in the Franco-Flemish school, Lassus stands with William Byrd, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, and Tomás Luis de Victoria as one of the leading composers of the later Renaissance. Immensely prolific, his music varies considerably in style and genres, which gave him unprecedented popularity throughout Europe. -
1533
Andrea Gabrieli
Andrea Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance. The uncle of the somewhat more famous Giovanni Gabrieli, he was the first internationally renowned member of the Venetian School of composers, and was extremely influential in spreading the Venetian style in Italy as well as in Germany. -
1544
Maddalena Casulana
Maddalena Casulana (c. 1544 – c. 1590) was an Italian composer, lutenist and singer of the late Renaissance. She is the first female composer to have had a whole book of her music printed and published in the history of western music, dedicated to her female patron Isabella de' Medici. -
1548
Tomas luis de Victoria
Tomás Luis de Victoria (sometimes Italianised as da Vittoria; c. 1548 – c. 20–27 August 1611) was the most famous Spanish composer of the Renaissance. He stands with Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina and Orlande de Lassus as among the principal composers of the late Renaissance, and was "admired above all for the intensity of some of his motets and of his Offices for the Dead and for Holy Week". -
1557
Givanni Gabrieli
Giovanni Gabrieli was an Italian composer and organist. He was one of the most influential musicians of his time, and represents the culmination of the style of the Venetian School, at the time of the shift from Renaissance to Baroque idioms. -
1566
Antonio de Cabezón
Antonio de Cabezón (30 March 1510 – 26 March 1566) was a Spanish Renaissance composer and organist. Blind from childhood, he quickly rose to prominence as a performer and was eventually employed by the royal family. He was among the most important composers of his time and the first major Iberian keyboard composer.[1] -
1566
Carlo Gesualdo
Carlo Gesualdo da Venosa (between 8 March 1566 and 30 March 1566 – 8 September 1613) was an Italian nobleman and composer. Though both the Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, he is better known for writing madrigals and pieces of sacred music that use a chromatic language not heard again until the late 19th century. He is also known for killing his first wife and her aristocratic lover upon finding them in flagrante delicto. -
1567
Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio Monteverdi, cuyo nombre completo era Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi, fue un compositor, violagambista, cantante, director de coro y sacerdote italiano -
Giacomo Carissimi
Giacomo Carissimi ( Marino , Rome , baptized April 18, 1605 - Rome, January 12, 1674) was one of the most eminent Italian composers of the early Baroque period and one of the main representatives of the Roman School . -
Barbara Strozzi
Barbara Strozzi , also called Barbara Valle , ( Venice , 6 August 1619 – Padua , 11 November 1677) was an Italian singer and composer of the Baroque period . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] During her lifetime, she published eight volumes of her own music and had more secular music in print than any other composer of the time. [ 3 ] This was achieved without any support from the Catholic Church and without the constant patronage of the nobility. -
Stradivarius
Antonio Stradivari Italian: c. 1644 – 18 December 1737) was an Italian luthier and a craftsman of string instruments such as violins, cellos, guitars, violas and harps. -
Henry purcel
Henry Purcell was an English composer of Baroque music. Purcell's musical style was uniquely English, although it incorporated Italian and French elements. -
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi ( Venice , Republic of Venice , 4 March 1678 – Vienna , 28 July 1741) was a Venetian composer , violinist , impresario , teacher and Catholic priest of the Baroque period . -
georg philipp telemann
Georg Philipp Telemann was a German Baroque composer and multi-instrumentalist. He is one of the most prolific composers in history, at least in terms of surviving oeuvre -
Georg Friedrich Händel
George Frideric (or Frederick ) Handel ( Halle , Brandenburg-Prussia ; 23 February July / 5 March 1685 Greg. - London ; 14 April 1759) was a German composer , later naturalized English , considered one of the greatest figures in the history of music , especially Baroque music , and one of the most influential composers of Western and universal music. -
Johann Sebastian Bach
He was the most important member of one of the most prominent families of musicians in history, with more than 35 famous composers: the Bach family . He had great fame as an organist and harpsichordist throughout Europe for his great technique and ability to improvise music on the keyboard . In addition to the organ and the harpsichord , he played the violin and the viola da gamba .