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Neonates
Age: Birth to 1 month
Vital signs: Pulse rate of 90 to 180 beats/min and respiratory rate 30 to 60 breaths/min. After the first half hour of when they were born pulse rate drops to 120 beats/min and the respiratory rate slows to 20 to 30 breaths/min.
Psychosocial Changes:
Physical Changes:Tidal volume in a neonates starts to increase from 6 to 8 mL. Blood pressure starts to increase with their age. -
Toddlers
Age: 1 to 3 years
Vital signs: 90 to 150 beats/min and the respiratory tate is 20 to 30 breaths/min. toddles show slower corresponding vital signs. Their systolic blood pressure is high.
Psychosocial Changes: Toddlers are attached to their parents and feel safe with them. Toddlers might get anxiety if they are apart from their parents or caregivers. By 36 months toddlers understand the basic language.
Physical Changes: Their lungs continue to develop terminal bronchioles and alveoli. -
Preschoolers
Age:3 to 6 years
Vital signs:Their pulse rate is 80to 140 beats/min and respiratory rate is 20 to 25 breaths/min. The systolic blood pressure is 80 to 100 mm Hg. Psychosocial Changes:Toddlers are attached to their parents and if separated from them they will get anxiety. By this age basic language should be mastered. Physical Changes:At this age weight gain should level off with time. They have not yet developed lung musculature. They should be able to participate in fine motor activities. -
School-Age
Age: 6 to 12 years
Vital signs: Pulse rate is 70-20 beats/min, respiratory rate 15-20 breaths/min, blood pressure is 80-110 mm Hg.
Psychosocial Changes: Pre conventional reasoning, conventional reasoning and post conventional reasoning start to become issues. Self concept and self-esteem.
Physical Changes: Permanent teeth happen in this stage, unintentional injuries, obvious physical traits, theres more brain activity. -
Adolescents (12 to 18 years)
Vitals signs begin to level within the adult ranges, systolic blood pressure is generally 90 and 110 mm Hg.
Psychosocial change: Families deal with their kids trying to gain control of their life. Adolescents struggle to create their identity. Antisocial, peer pressure, are rebellious behaviors start happening.
Physical change: Growth spurt and the body changes. Height difference in boys than in girls. Maturation of the human reproductive system. Enlargement of external reproductive organs. -
Early Adults (Age: 19 to 40 years)
Vital signs:Pulse rate 70 beats/min, respiratory rate 12-20 breaths/min, systolic 90 & 140 mm Hg.
Psychosocial Changes: Work, family, stress. This is the age where they can start to settle down. At this point in life they are more stable.
Physical Changes:Human body should be functioning at its optimal level. Muscle strength decreases & reflexes are slow. Shrinking can become a problem. -
Middle Adults (41 to 60 years)
Vital signs: 70 beats/min, respiratory rate 12-20 breaths/min, blood pressure is 90-140 mmHg.
Psychosocial Changes: Focus on achieving their life goals. "Empty nest" in their home. Sometimes family members will put them in a health center. Financial demands become a problem.
Physical Changes: Loss of vision & hearing become a problem. Theres a greater chance of cancer. Menopause happen to women. They start to have more & more medical problems. Weight control. -
Older Adults (61 and older)
Vital signs depend on the patient overall health, medical conditions, and use of medications.
Psychosocial changes: Older adults have amazing stories and experiences to share, they share wisdom with us, They live at home with assistance of friends and family. They are in general happy with their life and what they have accomplished.
Physical changes: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Endocrine, Digestive, Nervous, Renal systems become a issue. Often have problem seeing and hearing.
