Leslie A

1543 Nicolaus Copernicus

1543

1.-Polish astronomer who proposed that the Sun is the center of the solar system and that the planets circle the Sun.
2.-Born on February 19, 1473, in Toruń, Poland
3-Published “De revolutionibus orbium coelestium” in 1543.

1603 Francis Bacon

1603

1- argued that scientific knowledge is obtained after making observations and then utilizing inductive reasoning to interpret the observations.
2-He idolized Pablo Picasso.
3-He destroyed many of his early works.

1610 Galileo Galilei

1610

1-he was the first to report telescopic observations of the mountains on the moon, the moons of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, and the rings of Saturn.
2-The first pendulum clock.
3-Galileo's micrometer

1641 Rene Descartes

1641

1-Descartes argued the theory of innate knowledge and that all humans were born with knowledge through the higher power of God.
2- the idea of God, the idea of (finite) mind, and the idea of (indefinite) body.
3- a creative mathematician of the first order, an important scientific thinker, and an original metaphysician.

1666 Isaac Newton

1666

1-an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian.
2-formulation of the three laws of motion the basic principles of modern physics
3-Invented the reflecting telescope

1679 John Locke

1679

1.pioneered the ideas of natural law, social contract, religious toleration, and the right to revolution
2.John Locke was an English philosopher and physician.
3.Locke advocated for natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.

1748 Montesquieu

1748

1.political theory work, particularly the idea of separation of powers, shaped the modern democratic government.
2.known for The Spirit of Laws
3.Montesquieu clearly expects great things from science

1751 Denis Diderot

1751

1. published The EncyclopédieOu Dictionnaire Raisonné Des Sciences, Des Arts Et Des Métiers
2. a French writer, philosopher and art critic, 3.said Whether God exists or does not exist, He has come to rank among the most sublime and useless truths.

1762 Jean-Jacques Rousseau

1762

1.he wrote The Social Contract
2. a Genevan born political and moral philosopher of the Enlightenment Era.
3.Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Biography, Education, Philosophy Rousseau was the least academic of modern philosophers and in many ways was the most influential.

1763 Voltaire

1763

1. a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion 2.believed in freedom of expression 3.He was imprisoned in the Bastille for nearly a year.

1764 James Watt

1764

1.Watt observed a flaw in the Newcomen steam engine
2.Due to poor health, James rarely went to school.
3.The Boulton & Watt engine was built in 1786 to pump water for the Barclay & Perkins Brewery in Southwark, London.

1776 Adam Smith

1776

1.wrote ,The Wealth of Nations.
2.declares that wealth is created through productive labor, and that self-interest motivates people to put their resources to the best use.
3.a philosopher and economic theorist

1776 George Washington

1776

1.Washington was mostly self-educated.
2.Washington owned more than 50,000 acres and was an ardent promoter of westward expansion.
3.He led the Continental Army to victory in the Revolutionary War, helped create the U.S. Constitution, and served as the first president of the United States.

1776 Thomas Jefferson

1776

1.Jefferson was a slave owner who later campaigned for abolition.
2. an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence
3. inventing a macaroni machine, a revolving chair with a leg rest and writing arm, and new types of iron plows created especially for hillside plowing

1786 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

1786

1.He wrote his first composition at just 4 years old.
2.death from cerebral haemorrhage and bronchopneumonia.
3.He composed over 600 works, including some of the most famous and loved pieces of symphonic, chamber, operatic, and choral music.

1789 Maximillien Robespierre

1789

1.known for spearheading the Reign of Terror.
2.He was elected to the Estates-General in 1789.
3.He pushed for the execution of King Louis XVI.

1810 Miguel Hidalgo

1810

1.The collapse of Spanish authority opened the Southwest to American economic penetration and settlement.
2.a Mexican priest, teacher, and freethinker
3.He is known as the Father of the Homeland for being one of the starters of the Mexican independence movement.

1821 Simon Bolivar

1821

1.He established a third republic
2.Bolívar ended slavery in the countries in which he held political power.
3.he fought in more than 200 battles