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1215
Magna Carta
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American Revolution
according to google: 1765 – 1783 -
USA Independence
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Constitution recognises equality before the law
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Adoption of American Constitution
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Adoption of the Bill of Rights
- 10 firsts amendments are adopted
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Adoption of Rights of Men and Citizen
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American Bill of Rights
- 10 first amendments
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Period: to
Co-existence of Empire and Nation-State
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Period: to
Co-existence of Empire and Nation-State
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Creation of State General
composed of 3 groups.
Nobility, Clergy, Rest of ppl. 1 group= vote -
Storm of the Bastille
TODAY= FRENCH NATIONAL DAY overturning the king's power -
La marche des femmes à Versailles
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Uprising of black slaves in San Domingo, lead change it National Assembly
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1st CONSTITUTION
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Citizenship is given to all free blacks in colonies + possible for black representation in Paris
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Project of more democratic constitution
project of constitution with universal male suffrage. But not real yet -
Proclamations of Universal Suffrage
Not applied yet (it's gonna really be applied in 1944) -
Abolition of slavey French colonies
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French Civil Code
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Italy and Germany did not exist yet
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Period: to
Congress of Vienna
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Period: to
Waves of revolution (1)
French Revolution -
Division of World in Civil and Uncivil States
- Civil states = uses international laws
- Uncivil states = does not fall under discourse of international laws
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Period: to
Waves of revolution (2)
- French Revolution
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July Revolution
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Census suffrage - RESTORATION
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Adoption of Belgian constitution
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Reform Act
All territories are gonna be represented in parliament
BUT most working men still unrepresented because no property. MAIN CRITERIA -> Property -
UK: 18% of men population had right to vote
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Middle class pol. citizenship
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Spring Time People - Year of Revolution
- Adaptation of male universal suffrage
- Abolition of slavery in French colonial empire
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Waves of revolution (3)
- French Revolution
- Highest point of revolution Age
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Seneca Falls Congress (NYC)
- First Women convention By Elizabeth Stanton
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Women excluded from revolutionary movements + pol. participation
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Primary and Secondary school compulsory
19th century - no exact date in course -
Wars Between Majors Europeans States
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Battle of Solferino
France vs Italy vs Autrian -
Women get right to go to universities BUT no diplomas
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Period: to
American Civil War
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Publication of the book "A memory of Solferino"
Wrote by Henri Dunant -
International Committee of the Red Cross
- in Geneva
- first humanitarian text signed in history (by 12 states)
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Lieber Code
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Period: to
Discussion about International Law
by states and institutions -
Emancipation of slaves
through 13th amendment -
Recognition of (political) citizenship to all men that participate in war effort
thought 14th (citizenship) and 15th (suffrage) amendment -
Working class receives political citizenship
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Working class pol. citizenship
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Unmarried women receives right to vote at local elections
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Unmarried women pol. citizenship
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First women candidate for presidential elections
Victoria Woodough (sent to prison) -
Institute of International Law
in Gent -
Decline in African American's rights
1870's -
Women allowed to study in universities
end of 1870's -
"Code de l'indigénat" in French colonies
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End of Illegality of workers coalition + new social legislation
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Agricultural labours receives their citizenship
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Parti Ouvrier Belge
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Massacre of Peterloo in Manchester
- Demonstration for more political rights that ends up brutally
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Decrease of black voting
1890's = mechanism of reinforcement of white supremacy -
Balance of power being destructed: all powers are in war
1890's -
Emergence of Idea of Codifying International Law
1890's -
Period: to
International Government
End of 19th only -
Elections in Belgium
- No socialist elected
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Ligue Belge du Droit des Femmes
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Universal Suffrage for men with plural vote
- Christene Volkspartij
- Commission to discuss the C° that should open political rights
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Vote made compulsory
- some socialists elected
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Birth of International Law as Known Today
End of 19th -
Hague Regulation
- 25 participants
- More Europeans
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Law to allow women to become magistrate failed
Liberals tries to pass a law that allows women to become lawyers, but it doesn't pass -
Hague Convention VI
Respecting the laws and customs of war on land -
Belgian Law to Implement The Hague Regulations
Belgium adopts a law to implement The Hague Regulation -
Emeline Trial (Founder of Suffragette movement)
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Creation of Suffragette movement in Belgium
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Period: to
WWI
At the end people want justice. They are not going to sign peace treaties and do as nothing happened -
Burning of the University of Louvain By the Germans
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Sinking of the Lusitania ship By the Germans
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Join Declaration
On the Massacre of Americans -
Execution of Edith Cavell By the German
British Nurse accused of helping allied soldiers -
Sykes-Picot Agreement
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Universal suffrage
- Men +21 or +19 if party of armed force
- Women if they have property
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British Campaign for Punishment
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Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points
Describes how he thinks Europe should look like after the war -
universal suffrage
men + 21 or +19
women +30 and property -
Law of 19 may that codifies the electoral code
- all men gains universal suffrage
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Right for American Women to vote WITH 19th AMENDMENT C°
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Period: to
Peace Negociation in Versailles
For peace between those who have won the WWI -
Criminalization of birth control
Association of birth control to abortion -
Extradition List
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The League of Nation
- Seat: Geneva
- 24 States Members
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Right for women to vote at local level + eligibility
- some categories of women can also vote at national level
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Men and Women eligible at local and national level
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Indian Citizenship Act
All Indians receives citizenship -
USA becomes part of the LN
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The Kellog-Briand Pact
War is made illegal, but no impact because no mechanism of enforcement -
Equally + full suffrage for women
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System of International Law disappearing
End 1920's -
Cats and Mouse Act
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Total of 60 states in the LN
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Spanish Civil War
End 1930's -
Munich Agreement
Destruction of States that have been created after the war -
Beginning of the WWI
Starts in Poland -
The Atlantic Charter By Roosevelt and Churchill
- GB + USA
- System of security of all countries that are under Nazi rules
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St-James Declaration
- Seek punishing war crimes committed during the WWII
- Perpetrators + organisers are going to be judged
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Declaration of the United Nations
- Nations that Unite Together NOT the UN
- Signed by 26 States
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Moscow Declaration
meeting of USA, SU, British -
The United Nation War Crimes Commission
UNWCC
- Assembled huge amount of information about camps etc
- Huge help for TPIN -
Invention Of Concept Of Genocide By Lemkin
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Universal suffrage
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International Military Tribunal of Nuremberg
- First Moment of International Justice
- To judge crimes of WWII
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United Nation Charter (UN)
- A lot of commissions are going to be created within the UN
- Permanent Institution that Monitor International Peace
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Resolution 94 and 96 (UN)
- Resolution 95: Recognized IT ad hoc as being part of its principles
- Resolution 96: Recognized Genocide as International Crime
- Leads to 1948 conclusion: Genocide Convention + UDHR
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Postdam Conference
Discussion between winners of the WWII (USA, SU, GB) -
London Agreement
- Discussion to create the TPIN
- Definition of new kinds of crimes: international crime against humanity, peace and war crimes...
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Morgan v. Virginia
Segregation transport case -
End of Nuremberg Trial
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Period: to
Tokyo Tribunal
Not an International Pact but decided by the American Mark Arthur -
Period: to
COLD WAR
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Universal suffrage for MEN and WOMEN
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Right for women to become magistrate
- Still struggles exerting this right
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First Women depute elected at local level
Marie Spaak -
Genocide Convention
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UDHR
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- One of the firsts documents adopted by the UN
- Important for conceptualisation of rule of law
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Amendment of Geneva convention of 1864
Convention that amend the ICRC to make it compatible with new laws that war had been conducted -
First election in Belgian Congo
- Possibility to create parties (1950's)
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Disenfranchisement of black men
- lost right to vote
- lost places in congress
- missing enforcement of 13th, 14th, 15th amendment by the president
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Period: to
Revival of Rule of Law
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All Trials Finished
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Brown v. Broad education
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Period: to
War of independence in French Empire
- Bloodies war
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Rosa Park boycott of Montgomery bus
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Women right to have a bank account
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Global context of contestation + series of historical trials
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The Civil Right Act
- system of Jim Crows Laws
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The Voting Right Act
Leaves out all obstacle for African American to vote -
Strike of Women of FN Herstal
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Increase o voting
Late 1960's voting passed from 40% to 60% with the adoption of the 24th amendment -
Roe v. Wade
Court ruled unconstitutional to make abortion in all condition -
Law allow publicity of birth control and contraception means
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Period: to
August Pinochet Dictature
CHILLI -
Simone Veil Speech about Abrogation
At National Assembly in France
- Discrimination of abortion
- Suspension of 317 articles of penal code, temporal then permanently -
Gender studies become topic of research
1970's -
End of Spain dictatorship
Spain and Portugal are turning for dictatorship to democracy -
Full equality between husband and spouse
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Discrimination against women is made illegal
Made illegal to fire pregnant women -
Political independence of European countries
Europeans countries starts to adopt new Constitutions (rule of law) -
Abortion is made legal
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Arusha Peace Agreement
- One of the firsts document using the rule of law
- Is going to be a failure bc the genocide happens 1 year later
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International Criminal Court
ICC
