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OPERATION LISTER & DRAGON RETURN
the Scientific and Technical Intelligence Branch [STIB] of the Control Commission, Germany (CCG) was organised by charter for the purpose of gathering post-war intelligence from German scientists and technicians, or those of other nationalities who had been employed by the Germans during World War II. Operation Lister was renamed Dragon Return in 1949. -
"NON-COOPERATIVE GAMES" BY JOHN FORBES NASH IS PUBLISHED
The concept of Nash Equilibrium is published. Game theory was introduced in the waning years of WWII by Von Neumann who helped develop the Atom Bomb. Throughout the Cold War the theory of games was studied and elaborated on, both by the military and by economists, as a means of better understanding the fundamental nature of competition, cooperation, negotiation, and war. MAD was a prime example of a Nash Equilibrium. -
DEATH OF STALIN
Stalin's rule split the US Communist Party. His death heralded renewed hope for a thaw in relations between superpowers. -
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OSWALD REMANDED TO YOUTH HOUSE
Oswald's truancy from the time he turned 13 got him remanded to Youth House. That coming fall, his behavior at school also deteriorated, and included a refusal to salute the flag. -
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OPERATION LITTLE SWITCH
Exchange of sick and wounded POWs. The Communists repatriated 684 U.N. sick and wounded troops, while the U.N. returned 1,030 Chinese and 5,194 Koreans, together with 446 civilian internees. Reports appeared in the Western press alleging that numbers of sick and wounded POWs were still being held by the Communists. -
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VOLUNTEER FREEDOM CORPS (VFC)/REDCAP/REDSOX
The VRC was established by NSC 143/2. It incorporated existing programs REDCAP and REDSOX. REDCAP identified those useful as defectors or for other operational purposes. REDSOX used illegal border crossings to place emigres in Soviet Bloc countries to gather intelligence, recruit agents in place and organize cells. NSC 143/2 was rescinded by <a href='http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Op0BPFuy73EC&pg=PA373&dq="nsc+action+2348&hl=en&ei=KdH9TYLrBoqGvgPNr72wAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q="nsc action 2348&f=false' >NSC ACTION 2348</a>. -
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OPERATION BIG SWITCH
The voluntary repatriation of Korean War POWs. The U.N.C. returned 75,823 POWs (70,183 Koreans, 5,640 Chinese); the Communists repatriated 12,773 U.N.C. POWs (7,862 Koreans, 3,597 Americans, 946 British). 23 Americans and 1 Briton stayed with their captors. -
KHRUSCHEV GIVES SPEECH TO A CLOSED SESSION OF THE 20TH PARTY CONGRESSS
The speech condemns the excesses of Stalinism. Rumors of the secret speech were followed by Israeli agents obtaining a copy and handing it over to Allen Dulles who, together with his brother, Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, talked Eisenhower into leaking it to the press. -
OSWALD CONTACTS SOCIALIST PARTY
Oswald writes to the Socialist Party inquiring about local branches and expressing an interest in joining the Young Person's Socialist League (YPSL). Anti-communist, the YPSL had less than 100 members nationally at the time before merging with the Socialist Youth League in 1958. From those small seeds, the Neoconservative movement sprang. -
HUNGARIAN UPRISING
The uprising began on October 23, 1956 with a student demonstration which quickly turned into a full-scale revolt across the country as militias formed to battle the State Security apparatus. The Soviet puppet regime fell, but on November 4, Soviet tanks rolled in taking the country back after 6 days when expected US intervention failed to materialize. -
OSWALD ENLISTS IN MARINES
Oswald signs up for the Marines. Also signed that day was his Loyalty Certificate which asked if he was involved in any way, shape or form with any organization listed as a subversive group by the AG. Oswald stated "none" as neither the Socialist Party nor the YPSL was listed. -
JULIUS SEGAL POW REPORT IS PUBLISHED
"Correlates of Collaboration and Resistance Behavior Among U. S. Army POWs in Korea" is published in the Summer edition of the Journal of Social Issues. It was based on in-depth study of 3,323 returned POWs. From these evaluations, a profile was built of "potential defectors and collaborators". Oswald fit that text-book profile perfectly. -
JOINT US-JAPANESE ANNOUNCEMENT OF GROUND TROOP WITHDRAWAL FROM JAPAN
At the conclusion of 3 days of talks, President Eisenhower and Japanese Prime Minsiter Kishi announded an immediate withdrawal of all ground troops from Japan, with the majority of the remaining 70,000 troops to be withdrawn by June, 1958. -
OSWALD ON MANEUVERS
Oswald's MACS-1 unit departs on the Terrell County for maneuvers around the Philippines. Due to a developing crisis in the area, the unit sets up a temporary base at Subic Bay. -
EEC AND EUROCOM
The European Economic Community and European Atomic Energy Community come into effect. -
DEATH OF MARTIN SHRAND
Martin Shrand is killed while doing guard duty at Subic Bay. Internal investigation rules it accidental "in the line of duty". Rumors circulate that Oswald was involved. Due to the cirmstances of the death, only two real possibilities exist: accident involving a 2nd person or murder. -
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SPUTNIK 1 DESTROYED
TASS announces Sputnik 1 was destoyed on re-entry on January 4. As the first satellite put into orbit, it kicked off the space race. Less well understood is that one consequence of the space race was a raft of exchange agreements on everything from science, technology and culture to students and teachers. -
CULTURAL EXCHANGE AGREEMENT BETWEEN US & USSR
Two year agreement signed between US and the USSR on exchanges in the cultural, technical, and educational fields. Its scope includes exchanges in science and technology, agriculture, medicine and public health, radio and television, motion pictures, exhibitions, publications, government, youth, students, teachers, athletics, scholarly research, culture, and tourism. Commonly called the Lacy-Zarubin Agreement, it was named after its two chief negotiators. -
FIRST US SATELLITE EXPLORER I LAUNCHED
First U.S. Satellite Explorer I launched using an Army Jupiter-C rocket. The Soviets by this date had already had 2 successful launches. Werner Von Braun leads the team behind it. -
NEW SOVIET AMBASSADOR ARRIVES IN WASHINGTON DC
New Soviet Ambassador to US, Mikhail A Menshikov, arrives in Washington DC -
EISENHOWER'S SPECIAL ASSISTANT FOR DISARMAMENT RESIGNS
Harold E. Stassen resigns as Special Assistant to President Eisenhower for Disarmament after the London Arms Control Negotiations end in a stalemate. -
EXPLORER II FAILS TO REACH ORBIT
Attempted orbit of Explorer-II (31.36 pounds with 18.83 pounds of payload) failed because fourth stage did nt ignite. -
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OSWALD SAILS BACK TO ATSUGI
Sailed on the Wexford County, with the trip taking 11 days whereas the trip from Atsugi had been completed in one day. This was at a time the US via CIA was providing heavy support for the rebel army. To add to the questions hanging over the long return, Oswald told Priscilla Johnson that he had been part of an invasion of Indonesia in March 1958, and that there was a Communist-inspired social turnover. -
VANGUARD I LAUNCHED
Vanguard I launched by the Navy as part of Project Vanguard managed by the Naval Research Lab. Vanguard's mission was to successfully launch a satellite during the International Geophysical Year. -
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KHRUSCHEV BECOMES PREMIER
Khruschev replaces Bulganin as Soviet Premier. In the lead up to the election, he declares that "the day might not be far off when the nuclear powers would have to heed the disarmament plea of the peoples of the world and consider even unilateral steps such as the cessation of weapons production." -
SOVIETS SUSPEND NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTING
Soviets announce suspension of nuclear weapons tests urging Britain and the US to do the same. They had already ceased cooperation with China on nuclear weapons due to the dispute over Quemoy. -
OSWALD SUFFERS SELF-INFLICTED WOUND
It is found his wound was received "in the line of duty" and not as a result of misconduct. Self-inflicted wounds were a major issue in the Korean War as soldiers looked for early rotation out. He was still charged with possession of an unregistered privately-owned weapon in violation of general orders. The General Order however, had only been issued days before, not allowing time for registration. since half the forces in SEA were on alert or involved in major training exercise. -
SPUTNIK II DISINTEGRATES
Sputnik II disintegrates on re-entry after 162 days in orbit. Data from the instruments was intercepted in Australia but was encoded. The Soviets would not provide the codes, so Australia refused to provide the data. The Soviets became more co-orperative after the launch of Sputnik III. -
OSWALD APPROVED FOR EXTENSION OF TOUR
Oswald request for extension of overseas tour is approved, but revoked on July 13 after his 2nd court martial. -
EISENHOWER ASKS 11 NATIONS TO JOIN ANTARCTIC TREATY
The International Geophysical Year of 1957-1958 (IGY) was a joint scientific effort by 12 nations -- Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States to conduct studies of the Earth and its cosmic environment. On May 3, 1958 the US proposed to the other 11 nations participating in the IGY that a conference be held, based on the points of agreement that had been reached. -
SPUTNIK III LAUNCHED
Sputnik III is launched under the International Geophysical Year Program. It gathers much new scientific data until May, 1959. It re-enters the Earth's atmosphere on April 6, 1960. -
OSWALD SIGNS CODE OF CONDUCT
Classes giving instructions in Code Of Conduct for members of the Armed Forces of the United States completed by Oswald as required by the Secretary of the Navy. This new code had been introduced as a result of over 3,000 defections and acts of collaboration by POWs during Korean war -
V.V. KUZNETZOV VISITS JOHN FOSTER DULLES
USSR Foreign Minister V.V. Kuznetsov makes a "courtesy call" on Sec. Of State, John Foster Dulles. Main topic is disarmament. Dulles makes a point of saying that US weakness would not lead to peace, and that history shows that such weakness may only invite attack -
MEMO FROM CHAIRMAN JCS TO SEC DEFENSE McELROY
Memo from JCS Chairman Twining to Secretary of Defense McElroy. Three pages of source text not declassified. -
MEETING BETWEEN JOHN FOSTER DULLES, ALLEN DULLES, JAMES KILLIAN, DON QUARLES AND EISENHOWER
Meeting between Dulles bros, Quarles, Killian and Ike about high-altitude balloon reconnaissance over USSR. Afterwards John Dulles writes a memo to the Director of Intelligence and Research, Alfred Cumming advising that, "the President authorized proceeding to work out a project along the lines of your June 18 memorandum to me. He did so with reluctance and concern, and with the understanding that it would be worked out in a way which would give maximum plausibility to an innocent explanation."
