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Period: 7000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Mesopotamian Civilization
Civilization rose in Mesopotamia, in between the Tigris River and the Euphrates River. The civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in history. -
Period: 7000 BCE to 220
River Civilization: China
China's first Dynasty was the Xia Dynasty. The last dynasty was the Han Dynasty. A famous Chinese philosopher was Confucius, the father of Confucianism. Many of the Chinese achievements included acupuncture, a sundial and a seismograph. Some famous Chinese landmarks includes the Great Wall of China and the Silk Road. The Silk Road is 4000 miles long. It was named as such because silk was the most famous item transported along it. -
Period: 4500 BCE to 700 BCE
River Civilization: Egypt
This civilization was built along the Nile river; the longest river in the world. They were ruled by a ruler called a pharaoh. The Egyptian kingdom was split into three time periods: The Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom. Historians considered Menes to be the first pharaoh of Egypt. he also the founded Egypt's first dynasty. A pharaoh called Mentuhotep II was the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom. Ahmose of Thebes was the first pharaoh of the New Kingdom. -
Period: 3900 BCE to 200 BCE
Ancient Greece
They consist of the Minoans and the Mycenaeans. The Minoans lived on the island of Crete and the Mycenaeans lived on what is now Greece. They were later split into Sparta and Athens. Athens created the world's first democracy. -
Period: 3500 BCE to 300 BCE
Ancient Kush
The Kush settled in what is now called Nubia. Kush and Egypt were neighbors. Kush and Egypt developed a rocky relationship. Sometimes they fought each other, other times they traded and lived in peace with each other. Women were expected to be active in their society. Historians believe the first woman to rule Kush was Queen Shanakhdakheto. She ruled from 170 BC to 150 BC. -
Period: 3500 BCE to 2300 BCE
Sumer
No one knows where the Sumerians came from, but by around 3000 BC, several hundred thousand Sumerians were in Mesopotamia. The basic political unit of Sumer combined two parts, called a city-state. Each city-state fought each other to gain more farmland. Their many achievements include cuneiform, sewers, a water clock, the wheel and the plow. They also excelled at math, science and medicine. -
Period: 2300 BCE to 2450 BCE
Akkadian Empire
It was developed along the Tigris and Euphrates. It was developed by the Akkadians. They and the Sumerians were very different, but despite their differences, they lived in peace. Until the 2300s when Sargon sought to extend the Akkadian territory. Sargon was the first ruler to have a permanent army. The Akkadian Empire stretched from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. -
Period: 2300 BCE to 500 BCE
Indus River Valley Civilization
India is one of the world's earliest civilizations. This civilization included the Harappan civilization, the Aryans, the Mauryan Empire and the Gupta society. The main religions in the Indus civilization are Hinduism and Buddhism. Their achievements included metallurgy, Hindu-Arabic numerals, astronomy and indoor plumbing. They had a caste system that was very strict. -
Period: 2000 BCE to 700 BCE
Later People of Mesopotamia
This time span included the Babylonians, Hittites, Kassites, Assyrians, Chaldeans and the Phoenicians. -
Period: 2000 BCE to 930 BCE
Hebrews
Their religion is Judaism. It is monotheistic. The most important Jewish laws are the Ten Commandments. -
563 BCE
Origins of Buddhism
Buddha was actually a young man called Siddhartha Gautama. He was born in northern India, near the Himalayas. He was a prince. Siddhartha was about 35 years old when he found enlightenment under the Tree of Wisdom. -
Rosetta Stone Found
Found by a French soldier, the Rosetta Stone is important because it was the key to reading Egyptian hieroglyphs. It was thought that hieroglyphs were considered a dead language. In addition to hieroglyphics, the Rosetta Stone had text in Greek and a later form of Egyptian. Because the text in all three were the same, scholars found out what the hieroglyphics said. -
Dead Sea Scrolls
These are writings by Jews who lived about 2000 years ago.