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Marbury V. Madison
The commissions were to be signed by President Adams and sealed by acting Secretary of State John Marshall. Marshall failed to deliver the commissions. Thomas Jefferson refused to honor the commissions, claiming that they were invalid because they had not been delivered by the end of Adams’s term. Due to the act being deemed unconstitutional, the Court stated that Marbury, indeed, had a right to his commission. The case stregthened congress and how things are done in each house. -
McColloch V. Maryland
McCulloch, was a cashier at the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the United States. He issued bank notes without complying with the Maryland law. Maryland sued McCulloch for failing to pay the taxes due under the Maryland statute and McCulloch contested the constitutionality of that act. The court favored McCulloch, deeming that the U.S government has some powers as well as the ones listed in the constitution. Without this case the U.S government would probably not have as much say in congress. -
Dred Scott V. Sandford
Dred Scott was a slave living in the slave state of Missouri. His owner took him to Illinois and then to Minnesota, which were both free states under the Missouri Compromise. Dred Scott and his owner returned to Missouri, and he was sold to Sanford. Dred Scott sued Sanford for his freedom, claiming to be a citizen of Missouri, based on having obtained freedom by living in a free state for a long period of time. This case paved the way for all slaves who had the right to be free. Civil War-1861 -
New Jersey V. T.L.O.
Two girls were caught smoking in the bathroom of their school. One of the girls admitted she was smoking, the other girl T.L.O claimed she was not smoking. The principal demanded to search her purse. He found things in her purse other than cigarrettes. T.L.O argued that her Fourth Amendment rights were violated. The court decied school officials must obtain a search warrant in order to search a students belongings. This case effected how students privacy should be dealt with. More privacy. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Plessy was 7/8th black but had white skin, he attempted to sit in an all-white railroad car. After refusing to sit in the black railway carriage car, Plessy was arrested for violating an 1890 Louisiana statute that was provided for segregated “separate but equal” railroad cars. The Supreme Court also ruled against Plessy with an eight person majority. This case paved a way for the Brown case to prove that the seperate but equal act was unconstitutional. -
Korematsu V. United State
All people of Japanese descent, whether or not they were United States citizens, were ordered to leave their homes on the West Coast and to report to Internment Camps. Korematsu went against the order and was convicted under federal law. Korematsu case caused people to not be treated like this ever again. He recieved an award from former pres- Clinton for him standing up for his rights as a U.S citizen. -
Brown V. Board of Education (Topeka, Kansas)
Linda Brown and her sister had to take a dangerous route to get to school each morning. There was a school closer to where the girls lived but due to schools being segregated Browns application to an all white school(Sumner) was denied. Brown and others contended that segregated schools were not and could not be made equal and that they were therefore deprived of equal protection of the laws. It was concluded that "seperate but equal" has no place.Everyone can now attend school together. -
Mapp V. Ohio
Three police officers arrived at the residence of Dollree Mapp to obtain information about a bombing suspect who was believed to be hiding out there in her home. Mapp refused to let them in the house without a search warrant. The officers conducted a widespread search of the residence where obscene materials were found in a trunk in the basement. The case went in Mapp favor, police must obtain a search warrant. The effect of this case is that now there have to be a search warrent involved. -
Gideon V. Wainwrite
Gideon was charged in Florida court in with breaking and entering with intent to commit a misdemeanor He was too poor to hire a lawyer, and his request for counsel to be appointed was denied. He therefore represented himself. Due to him doing a poor job he was found guilty. After countless times of being denied. Gideon was finally appointed a lawyer. He won his case. This cases affect how everyone must now be appointed counsel even if they can't afford one. -
Miranda V. Arizona
Ernesto Miranda was and immigrant who was arrested for kidnapping and raping a girl in Arizona. Officers did not notify Mr. Miranda of his rights, but after two hours of investigation he signed a confession. Miranda appealed his case on the fact that he did not know his Fifth Amendment rights. He was found guilty by the supreme court but now everyone must be read their Rights. You have the right to remain silent. Anything you do or say can be used against you in a court of law. etc. -
Tinker V. Des Moines
John and Marybeth Tinker wore black armbands to school as a symbol of protesting the Vietnam War. When they arrived at school they were was told to remove the armband or they would be suspended. The Tinkers took the suspension and did not return to school until after the protest period ended, New Year’s Eve 1965. The Tinkers won the case. Students now have the right to free speech in school and out. -
Roe V. Wade
Texas law made it a felony to abort a fetus unless “on medical advice for the purpose of saving the life of the mother. Jane Roe an unmarried and pregnant women filed a suit against Wade stating that it violated personal liberty and privacy. The court ruled that abortion is legal only in the first trimester. The effect that ths case had on the country is the on going debate of being either pro-life or pro-choice. -
Hazelwood V. Kulmeier
At Hazelwood East High School principal Robert Reynolds objected to two of the articles that were in the school paper. One of the articles described the pregnancy of students and included specific sexual content. The other discussed the impact of divorce on students in the school. The principal stated that the articles would violate student privacy. The decision of the case was that it violated the first amendment rights of the students. Students now have right to freedom of press in school. -
Texas V. Johnson
Gregory Lee Johnson publicly burned the American flag. He was convicted of desecrating of the flag, which in Texas is a violation of the law. The Court of Criminal Appeals overturned the conviction. In Conclusion it was found that the Texas law was unconstitutional, and that flag burning is a symbol of speech. This effects the country because conflict may arise from this.
