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21 Century Special Education
3 famous landmark court cases will be discussed that made an impact on the laws and future court cases of Special Education today. -
P.A.R.C v. Pennsylvania, 343 F, Supp. 279 (E.D. PA. 1972) http://www.studentslawyer.com/law/learn-about-the-first-right-to-education-case-that-helped-lead-to-the-idea
Landmark case in Pennsylvania sued by Pennsylvania Association Retarded Citizens (PARC). Gave public schools right to deny a free education to kids up to 8, but not reach mental age 5. Gave children equal rights. Attorney argued 14 children had disabilities denied public free education. Argued children rights violated under equal protection clause and due process by 14th amendment. The parties signed consent deal approve by District Court in Eastern District of Pennsylvania. -
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley, 458 U. S. 176 (1982) https://www.britannica.com/topic/Board-of-Education-of-the-Hendrick-Hudson-Central-School-District-v-Rowley
Interpreted the Education Handicapped Children Act, Amy Bowley hearing impaired first grader. School didn't provide sign language interpreter. Amy’s parents sued District Court arguing her academic success didn’t reach potential, they lost case. Amy’s parents went federal courts winning U.S Courts Appeals and U.S Courts. Courts agreed Amy entitled free appropriate public education. Amy’s parents lost in the Supreme after Hendrick appealed there, set the start Free Appropriate Public Education. -
Endrew F.V. Douglas County School District RE-1,580 U.S January 10, (2017)https://www.educationnext.org/special-education-standards-supreme-court-raises-level-benefit-endrew-f-v-douglas-county/
Landmark that interpreted Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Involved 5th grader named Endrew that had a diagnosis Autism. Endrew began to have severe behavior; attending Summit View Elementary School. Endrew parents placed him in school for Autism in Denver, Colorado. Parents wanted to be reimbursed for tuition; argued schools provide “meaningful educational benefit." Lost in the United States District Court.The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Special Needs children.
