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Plessy V Ferguson
Homer Plessy was arrested for not moving from a “white’s only” seat and Plessy was of mixed race. He fought the charge on the grounds of it being unconstitutional and in violation of the 14th amendment. It was ruled by the Supreme Court to not be unconstitutional and established more segregation laws and gave validation to the poor conditions of segregated schools. This gave foundation to the separate but equal doctrine. -
National School Lunch Act
Sponsored by Richard Russell Jr, a Senator, and signed into law by Harry S. Truman. It is designed to ensure that every child is properly nourish while at school. Students from low income families can qualify for reduced or free lunches at their school. This is done through subsidies from the federal government. -
Brown v Board of Education
After his daughter was not allowed to attend the closest school to their home, Oliver Brown filed a lawsuit against the board of education. The Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were unconstitutional. This ruling overruled the Plessy V Ferguson case. When schools in Arkansas tried to delay the desegregation of schools, the Supreme Court reaffirmed the ruling and stated that the States could not overrule this ruling. -
Elementry and Secondary Education Act
President Johnson signed into law as a war on poverty and meant to help close the achievement gap in schools. Schools with a higher percentage of lower income families receive additional federal funding for resources needed. The act provides funding to elementary and secondary schools. The funding is focused towards library books, textbooks, learning resources for ESL students, training, and help funds schools with more lower income families. -
Higher Education Act
Senator Morse introduced act and signed into law by President Johnson. It's designed to ensure our colleges/universities succeed. Sections: general provisions, teacher quality enhancement, strengthening institutions, student assistance, developing institutions, international education programs, grad and post-secondary improvement programs and additional. There is one provision that anyone on campus has experienced. 1998 amendment required universities to encourage students to register to vote. -
Title IX
As an amendment to the High Education Act, it was sponsored by Senator Birch Bayh and Congresswoman Patsy Mink. This amendment made it where no one could be discriminated against based on their sex in education. This has impacted the sports in schools to allow females to be more involved. Most importantly, it helps to protect woman from sexually harassment. -
Education of all Handicapped Children Act
This was enacted by Congress and an amendment to the Education of the Handicapped Act from 1966. This act requires that all public schools provide an equal education to all students and provide one free meal a day to students with mental and physical disabilities. This means the level of education provided to someone with disabilities should be equivalent to a student without disabilities. This also requires that there are interactions between nondisabled students and those with disabilities. -
Plyler v Doe
When Texas tried to deny funding for undocumented immigrants, the Supreme Court overruled the statute. This was found to be unconstitutional based on the 14th amendment. This cannot be determined at the state level, but instead only at the federal level. This allowed immigrants, regardless of their status, pursue an education. This ruling has since been limited to K-12 schools. -
No Child Left Behind Act
In hopes of closing the achievement gap, this act was passed by congress with a lot of support and was signed into law by George W Bush. This act requires schools receiving federal funding to administer standardized testing every year. Funding that the schools receive is based on the test scores and amount of improvement. Meant to hold teachers more accountable for the level of growth and learning in the classroom. -
The Every Student Succeeds Act
This act replaced the No Child Left Behind Act and is an extension of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Obama signed into law in 2015. This act still focuses on standardized testing, but in response to parent’s response to No Child Left Behind, the state holds the school accountable, not the federal government. This means that the state has more control and the ability to know what standard the district should be held too.