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Old Deluder Satan Act of 1647
The Puritans believed all individuals should be able to read and understand the Bible. In 1642, Massachusetts required parents to ensure their children were able to read, then five years later, the state mandated community schooling. The idea was that if all citizens could understand the written language on a basic level, they would be able to understand and therefore, obey by the governing laws of the land.This law was the start to the establishment of public education in America years later. -
Common Schools Movement
Horace Mann started a movement that included a statewide curriculum and the use of local property tax to fund pubic schools. The Act allowed students to go to public school to learn, and it was funded by the state. The monument provided exposure of education to children of different backgrounds. All children of all ages and classes were taught together, and later introduced the age-grading system. Students were promoted up based on age and it was meant to improve efficiency of classrooms. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
The Court ruled that separate accommodations based on was race was constitutional. Then 58 years later, in the Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka ruled that separate accommodations were unconstitutional. The doctrine of "Separate but equal" supported the idea of races being separate, as long as they received "equal" treatment. The case started because an African American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a car for Black people. -
Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka
The court voted to end racial segregation in public schools because it was against the law. Segregation of races violet the rights from the 14th Amendment, which states that no sate can "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." Thurgood Marshall took up the case when Oliver Brown filed a class-action suit against the Board of Education of Topeka, because his daughter Linda was denied entrance to an all-white school. -
Title IX
The Title IX of the civil Rights act was signed by President Richard M. Nixon. It is a law that bans gender discrimination against students or employees from education institutions. It was enacted by congress and signed into law by President Richard Nixon. The law states that students cannot be denied participation in any school program simply cause of their sex. It has protected people from discrimination in education programs or activities that receive financial assistance. -
Goss v. Lopez
The Supreme Court ruled that under the Fourteenth Amendment, public school students facing suspension are entitled to notice and a hearing. Once the state provides an education for all of its citizens, it cannot deprive them of it without ensuring due process protections. It started because nine students at an Ohio public school received 10-day suspensions for disruptive behavior without due process protections.It's a way to resolve disputes with a school about a child education. -
Education of All Handicapped Children Act
President Gerald Ford signed the law and later called the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. It is a federal law that requires public schools to provide appropriate educational services for all children with disabilities between ages 3 and 21. This law provides special education and services to the children in the program. Access to social education services has improved the academic achievement for exceptional learners. -
Plyler v. Doe
The Supreme Court issued a landmark decision that all children, regardless of immigration status have a constitutional right to free public education from kindergarten to 12th grade. Children of different races were affected from not being able to attend public schools. The case helped the U.S. Supreme Court guarantee those rights through application of the Equal Protection Clause. https://youtu.be/HqbGs54Xb_g -
Santa Fe Independent School Distract v. Doe
In a 6-3 opinion, stated by Justice John Paul Stevens, student-initiated prayer was a violation. The Supreme Court ruled a school policy stating that prayer before a football game violated the establishment clause of the First Amendment. It is important because it honors the promise that public schools respect an establishment of religion. One Mormon and one Catholic family filed a law suit against the practice under the violation of the First Amendment. -
No Child Left Behind Act
President George W. Bush signed the act into law. The focus was to close student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. The purpose was to try and stop the gap between grade and achievement from students of different races. The act is consider a failure because most schools didn't come close to achieve the 100 percent-proficiency mandate. The act affected every person in the public school system.