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16th amendment
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. -
17th amendment
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. -
Indian Removal
The Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. -
Andrew carnegie
He was among the wealthiest and most famous industrialists of his day. Through Carnegie Corporation of New York, the innovative philanthropic foundation he established in 1911, his fortune has since supported everything from the discovery of insulin and the dismantling of nuclear weapons, to the creation of Pell Grants and Sesame Street. The work of the Corporation and its grantees has helped shape public discourse and policy for more than one hundred years. -
manifest destiny
the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. -
Suffrage
he right to vote in public, political elections although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote. The right to run for office is sometimes called candidate eligibility, and the combination of both rights is sometimes called full suffrage -
Eugene v. debs
Labor organizer and socialist leader Eugene V. Debs 1855-1926 began his rise to prominence in Indiana’s Terre Haute lodge of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen. He entered politics as a Democratic City Clerk in 1879, and in 1885 he was elected to the Indiana State Assembly with broad support from Terre Haute’s workers and businessmen. -
Political machine
a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses usually campaign worker, who receive rewards for their efforts. The machine's power is based on the ability of the workers to get out the vote for their candidates on election day. -
homestead act
the Homestead Act encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land. -
Ida b wells
Born a slave in 1862, Ida Bell Wells was the oldest daughter of James and Lizzie Wells. The Wells family, as well as the rest of the slaves of the Confederate states, were decreed free by the Union, about six months after Ida's birth, thanks to the Emancipation Proclamation. However, living in Mississippi as African Americans, they faced racial prejudices and were restricted by discriminatory rules and practices. -
The gilded age
The factories built by the Union to defeat the Confederacy were not shut down at the war's end. Now that the fighting was done, these factories were converted to peacetime purposes. Although industry had existed prior to the war, agriculture had represented the most significant portion of the American economy. -
Susan b anthony
They worked to end slavery in what was called the abolitionist movement. They were also part of the temperance movement, which wanted the production and sale of alcohol limited or stopped completely. Anthony was inspired to fight for women’s rights while campaigning against alcohol. She denied a chance to speak at a temperance convention because she was a woman. Anthony later realized that no one would take women in politics seriously unless they had the right to vote. -
Upton sinclair
Upton Sinclair was born in a small row house in Baltimore, Maryland, on September 20, 1878. From birth he was exposed to dichotomies that would have a profound effect on his young mind and greatly influence his thinking later in life. The only child of an alcoholic liquor salesman and a puritanical, strong-willed mother, he was raised on the edge of poverty, but was also exposed to the privileges of the upper class through visits with his mother’s wealthy family. -
Clarence darrow
Clarence Darrow was an American lawyer and leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union. He was among the first attorneys to be called a labor lawyer. He also was known for defending teenaged thrill killers Leopold and Loeb, and John T. Scopes in the Scopes Monkey Trial -
Populism and progressivism
In the late 19th to early 20th century, the ideas of populism and progressivism weren’t that well understood as opposed to how much the people knew about the existence of the democrats and republicans. Nevertheless, the populism and progressivism campaigns were all implanted to initiate national progress. -
industrialization
the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. -
Civil service reform
The United States under the Constitution, the government has taken various and sometimes controversial approaches to the hiring of federal and state administrative staff or the civil service. The basic choice has appeared to be between, on the one hand an administrative staff that represents and reflects the people and on the other one that is made up of long-term professionals with the knowledge and experience necessary to carry out the complex and demanding tasks of government. -
Haymarket act
It was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square[2] in Chicago. It began as a peaceful rally in support of workers striking for an eight-hour day and in reaction to the killing of several workers the previous day by the police. -
Dawes Act
The of 1887, adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. -
Jane addams
Jane Addams co-founded one of the first settlements in the United States, the Hull House in Chicago, Illinois, and was named a co-winner of the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize. -
Muckraker
American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt. They typically had large audiences in some popular magazines. -
william jennings bryan
He starred at the 1896 Democratic convention with his Cross of Gold speech that favored free silver, but was defeated in his bid to become U.S. president by William McKinley. Bryan lost his subsequent bids for the presidency in 1900 using the years between to run a newspaper and tour as a public speaker. After helping Woodrow Wilson secure the Democratic presidential nomination for 1912, he served as Wilson’s secretary of state until 1914. -
klondike gold rush
a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1896 and 1899. Gold was discovered there by local miners on August 16, 1896, and, when news reached Seattle and San Francisco the following year, it triggered a stampede of prospectors. -
Theodore Roosevelt
The young Republican politician Theodore Roosevelt became 26th president of the United States in September 1901 after the assassination of William McKinley. Young and physically robust, he brought a new energy to the White House and won a second term on his own merits in 1904. Roosevelt confronted the bitter struggle between management and labor headon and became known as the great trust buster for his strenuous efforts to break up industrial combinations under the Sherman Antitrust . -
pure food and drug act
The first Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906. The purpose was to protect the public against adulteration of food and from products identified as healthful without scientific support. The original Pure Food and Drug Act was amended in 1912, 1913, and 1923. A greater extension of its scope took place in 1933. -
dollar diplomacy
A lawyer who had founded the giant conglomerate U.S Steel that the goal of diplomacy was to create stability and order abroad that would best promote American commercial interests. Knox felt that not only was the plan of it to improve financial opportunities also to use private capital to further U.S interests overseas.Dollar diplomacy was in extensive U.S interventions in the Caribbean and Central America especially in measures taken to safeguard financial interests in the region. -
Urbanization
The of the United States occurred over a period of many years, with the nation only attaining urban-majority status between 1910 and 1920. Over four-fifths of the U.S. population resides in urban areas, a percentage which is still increasing today -
federal reserve act
The 1913 Federal Reserve Act was a U.S. legislation that created the current Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve Act intended to establish a form of economic stability in the United States through the introduction of the Central Bank, which would be in charge of monetary policy. -
teapot dome scandal
The early 1920s surrounding the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior, Albert Bacon Fall. After Pres. Warren G. Harding transferred people of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921, Fall secretly granted to Harry Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome reserves April 7, 1922. He granted similar rights to Edward L. Doheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills. -
nativism
the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.Nativists believed they were the true “Native” Americans, despite their being descended from immigrants themselves. In response to the waves of immigration in the mid-nineteenth century, Nativists created political parties and tried to limit the rights of immigrants. -
third parties politics
In electoral politics, a third party is any party contending for votes that failed to outpoll either of its two strongest rival. U.S. politics, a third party is a political party other than the Democrats or Republicans, such as the Libertarians and Greens. The term "minor party" is also used in a similar manner. Such political parties rarely win elections, as proportional representation is not used in federal or state elections, but only in some municipal elections. -
Initiatives and referendums
the process of initiatives and referendums allow citizens of many U.S. states to place new legislation on a popular ballot, or to place legislation that has recently been passed by a legislature on a ballot for a popular vote. Initiatives and referendums, along with recall elections and popular primary elections, are signature reforms of the Progressive Era; and they are written into several state constitutions, particularly in the West. -
18th amendment
the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal. The separate Volstead Act set down methods for enforcing the Eighteenth Amendment, and defined which "intoxicating liquors" were prohibited, and which were excluded from prohibition. The Amendment was the first to set a time delay before it would take effect following ratification, and the first to set a time limit for its ratification by the states. -
19th amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
