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The Anazazi
Who? The Anasazi are called the Ancient People. They lived in groups of houses that the Spanish later called pueblos.
What? The invented innovative new structres and showed creative structural engeneering.
Why? Their structures were efficient in keeping coolness in, and keeping the hot sun from beaming down on them. -
Period: Jan 1, 1101 to Dec 13, 1200
Aztecs, Mayas, Adobe, Migrate
Aztec: The Aztecs where an ethnic group of the people of central Mexico.
Maya: The Maya are an indigenous people of Mexico and Central America who have continuously inhabited the lands
Adobe: Adobe bricks (mud bricks) are made of earth with a fairly high clay content and straw.
Migrate: To move from one region or habitat to another, especially regularly according to the seasons. -
Dec 15, 1215
Manga Carta
The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade. -
Jan 1, 1401
Mission / Missionary
Missionary: a person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country.
Mission: A trip taken by a missionary to inform about their religeon. -
Period: Jan 1, 1401 to
Explorers
Henry The Navigator: an important figure in 15th-century Portuguese politics and in the early days of the Portuguese Empire.
Vasco De Gama: He was the first European to reach India by sea.
John Cabot: John Cabot was an Italian navigator and explorer.
Samuel de Champlain: "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, cartographer, draughtsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler
Amerigo Vespucci: an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer. -
Jan 1, 1480
Pedro Álvares Cabral
Who? Pedro Álvares Cabral was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer.
What? Regarded as the discoverer of Brazil.
Why? Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. -
Jan 1, 1488
Bartholomeu Dias
Who? A nobleman of the Portuguese royal household.
WHat? He was a Portugese explorer.
Why? He sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, reaching the Indian Ocean from the Atlantic, the first European known to have done so. -
Jan 1, 1492
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange or Grand Exchange was the widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the 15th and 16th centuries. -
Jan 1, 1492
Reconquista
Who? The Reconquista is the name given to a long series of wars and battles.
What? The Christian Kingdoms and the Muslim Moors for control of the Iberian Peninsula.
Why? Because they were at war. -
Jan 1, 1500
Hohokam
A member of a Native American culture flourishing from about the 3rd century BC to the mid-15th century AD in south-central Arizona -
Jan 1, 1501
Presidio
A presidio is a fortified base established by the Spanish in areas under their control or influence. The fortresses were built to protect against pirates, hostile Native Americans, and colonists from enemy nations. -
Jan 1, 1501
Mestizo
a term traditionally used in Spain and Spanish America to mean a person of combined European and Amerindian descent, or someone who would have been deemed a Castizo -
Jan 1, 1502
Moctezuma
He was the ninth tlatoani or ruler of Tenochtitlan, reigning from 1502 to 1520. -
Jan 1, 1519
Hernán Cortés
WHo? Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro, 1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca.
What? a Spanish Conquistador.
Why? He led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire. -
Jan 1, 1519
Ferdinand Magellan
Who? Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer.
What? He organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522.
Why? His expedition resulted in the first circumnavigation of the Earth. -
Conquistador
a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century. -
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Explorers
John Smith: an English soldier, explorer, and author. -
Period: to
More Puritans
Anne Hutchinson: a Puritan spiritual adviser and an important participant in the Antinomian Controversy that shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638. -
Period: to
Push and Pull
Push Factor: a flaw or distress that drives a person away from a certain place.
Pull Factor: something concerning the country to which a person migrates. -
Period: to
Quaker
William Penn: an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Quaker: a member of the Religious Society of Friends, a Christian movement founded by George Fox circa 1650 and devoted to peaceful principles. -
Period: to
Puritans
Puritans: Puritans were a group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England from all Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed.
John Winthrop: John Winthrop was a wealthy English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the first major settlement in what is now New England after Plymouth Colonies
Roger Williams: Puritan -
Period: to
War
Pequot War: an armed conflict between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the English colonists of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies and their Native American allies which occurred between 1634 and 1638.
King Phillips War: an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day New England and English colonists and their Native American allies in 1675–78 Metacom: also known by his adopted English name King Philip, was a Wampanoag and the second son of the . -
Period: to
Locations
Northwest Passage: sea route connecting the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
Quebec: City sits on the Saint Lawrence River in predominantly French-speaking Québec province.
Charter: a written grant by a country's legislative or sovereign power, by which an institution such as a company, college, or city is created and its rights and privileges defined. -
House of Burgesses
the House of Burgesses was the first democratically-elected legislative body in the British American colonies. -
Bacons Rebellion
Bacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley. -
English Bill Of Rights
English Bill of Rights was a British Law, passed by the Parliament of Great Britain in 1689 that declared the rights and liberties of the people. -
James Oglethorpe
James Edward Oglethorpe was a British general, Member of Parliament, philanthropist, and founder of the colony of Georgia. -
Joint Stock Company
joint-stock company: a business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by his or her shares -
Period: to
Locations
Powhatan County: a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. -
Period: to
Colonies
Royal Colony: a type of colonial administration of the British overseas territories.
Proprietary Colony: a type of British colony mostly in North America and the Caribbean in the 17th century. In the British Empire, all land belonged to the king, and it was his prerogative to divide. -
Period: to
separatists
separatists: a person who supports the separation of a particular group of people from a larger body on the basis of ethnicity, religion, or gender.
Pilgrim: a name commonly applied to early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States, with the men commonly called Pilgrim Fathers.
Mayflower Compact: the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. -
Enlightenment
the action of enlightening or the state of being enlightened. -
cash crop
a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower. -
Salutary neglect
Salutary neglect is an American history term that refers to the unofficial, long-term seventeenth- and eighteenth-century British Crown policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England. -
Checcks and Balances
counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups. -
Period: to
Legistatures
Bicarmeral Legistture: A legislature with two houses, or chambers.
Congress on November 15, 1777.
the Articles of Confederation were adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777.
The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Ordinance -
Period: to
Terms
Popular sovereignty or the sovereignty of the people's rule is the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people
Limited government is a principle of classical liberalism, free market libertarianism, and some tendencies of liberalism and conservatism in the United States.
separation of powers: an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies. -
Period: to
Consruction
Loose Construction: a broad interpretation of a statute or document by a court.
Strict Construction: a literal interpretation of a statute or document by a court. -
Period: to
Government
Cabinet: a body of advisers to the president, composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government.
Alexander Hamilton was a Founding Father of the United States, chief staff aide to General George Washington
A tariff is a tax on imports or exports
Loose Construction: a broad interpretation of a statute or document by a court. -
Iroquois League
Who? The five Iroquois nations, characterizing themselves as “the people of the longhouse,” were the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. After the Tuscarora joined in 1722,
What? The Iroquois have absorbed many other peoples into their cultures as a result of warfare, adoption of captives, and by offering shelter to displaced nations.
Why? The history of the Iroquois Confederacy goes back to its formation by the Peacemaker in the 12th or 15th centuries. -
Great Awakening
Contemporary definitions for Great Awakening Expand. noun. a series of religious revivals among Protestants in the American colonies, from c 1725-1770. -
Shays Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion is the name given to a series of protests in 1786 and 1787 by American farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt. -
The Great Compromise
the Great Compromise of 1787 or Sherman's Compromise as an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have -
The Federalist
The Federalist is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution. -
Whiskey Rebellion
the Whiskey Insurrection, was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791, during the presidency of George Washington. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed by the Federalist dominated 5th United States Congress, and signed into law by Federalist President John Adams in 1798. -
Indentured Servant
Indentured servitude was a labor system where people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a certain number of years. -
Middle Passage
The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade. -
John Jay
John Jay was an American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, signer of the Treaty of Paris, and first Chief Justice of the United States -
Reconstruction
Reconstruction generally refers to the period in United States history immediately following the Civil War in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states back into the Union. -
habeas corpus
a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention. -
mercantilism
belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
Interchangeable parts are parts (components) that are, for practical purposes, identical.
The Erie Canal is a canal in New York that originally ran about 363 miles from Albany, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, at Lake Erie.
The cotton gin is a device for removing the seeds from cotton fiber.
This "System" consisted of three mutually reenforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry. -
Period: to
Laws
Judicial review is the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review by the judiciary.
The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.
Impressment, colloquially, "the press" or the "press gang", refers to the act of taking men into a navy by force. -
Period: to
Acts and Compromises.
The Monroe Doctrine was a U.S. foreign policy regarding domination of the American continent in 1823.
The Missouri Compromise was an effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries.
Image result for indian removal actwww.pbs.org
The Indian Removal Act was passed by Congress on May 28, 1830, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. -
Period: to
Laws
In the United States, the Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 granted citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all male persons in the United States -
Period: to
Amendments
14th- The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.
15th- The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." -
Period: to
Terms
The "Tariff of 1828" was a protective tariff passed by the Congress.
Nullification, in United States constitutional history, is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional.
Nullification, in United States constitutional history, is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional. -
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. -
War Hawks
Image result for war hawksgator995.com
War hawks are the opposite of doves. The terms are derived by analogy with the birds of the same name: hawks are predators that attack and eat other animals, whereas doves mostly eat seeds and fruit and are historically a symbol of peace. -
Treaty of Ghent
The Treaty of Ghent (8 Stat. 218), signed on December 24, 1814 in the city of Ghent, was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom. -
The Hartford Convention
The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 – January 5, 1815 in Hartford, Connecticut, United States. -
Nat Turner
Nat Turner was an African-American slave who led a slave rebellion of slaves and free blacks in Southampton County, Virginia on August 21, 1831 that resulted in 60 white deaths. -
The Mormon Movement
The Latter Day Saint movement (also called the LDS movement or LDS restorationist movement) is the collection of independent church groups that trace their origins to a Christian primitivist movement founded by Joseph Smith in the late 1820s. -
Lone Star Republic
The Lone Star Republic. Chamber of Commerce, Huntsville, TX. Sam Houston, President of the Republic of Texas. At the time Spain granted independence to Mexico in 1821, the land now comprising the state of Texas was very sparsely populated. -
Jacksonian Democracy
Jacksonian democracy is the political movement during the Second Party System toward greater democracy for the common man symbolized by American politician Andrew Jackson and his supporters. -
Dorthea Dix
Dorothea Lynde Dix was an American activist on behalf of the indigent insane who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums. -
Henry Clay
Henry Clay, Sr. was an American lawyer, politician, and skilled orator who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and House of Representatives. -
Sharecropping
Sharecropping is a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. -
The California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) was a period in American history which began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California -
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States. -
William Lloyd Garrison
William Lloyd Garrison was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer. -
The Gadsden Purchase
The Gadsden Purchase is a 29,640-square-mile region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that was purchased by the United States -
Radical Republicans
The Radical Republicans were a faction of American politicians within the Republican Party from about 1854 (before the American Civil War) until the end of Reconstruction in 1877. -
Freedmans Bureau
The U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, popularly known as the Freedmen's Bureau, was established in 1865 by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War (1861-65). -
Enforcement Acts
Enforcement Acts were three bills passed by the United States Congress between 1870 and 1871. They were criminal codes which protected African-Americans' right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny is a term for the attitude prevalent during the 19th century period of American expansion that the United States not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. This attitude helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico. -
Ku Klux Klan
a secret organization in the southern U.S., active for several years after the Civil War, which aimed to suppress the newly acquired powers of blacks and to oppose carpetbaggers from the North, and which was responsible for many lawless and violent proceedings. -
Christopher Columbus
Who? Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer, navigator, colonizer and citizen of the Republic of Genoa.
What? He is glorified for "discovering" America.
Why? Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. -
Viceroy
a regal official who runs a country, colony, or city province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. -
Guadelupe and Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo in Spanish), officially entitled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic
