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Falsifiability
In 1935 the idea in which Karl Popper is perhaps best known for was developed. His book, The Logic of Scientific Discovery introduced falsifiability. Falsifiability it is the ability for a theory or idea to be proven wrong. In his later work Conjectures and Refutations, Popper describes his thought process in coming to this conclusion. Crash Course Philosophy -
Scientific Laws Vs. Trends
Popper discusses the mistake of many historians in distinguishing between scientific laws and trends. He does not say that is not smart to observe trends in order, just that predictions cannot be based on them. -
Objective Knowledge
Epistemology refers to the theory of knowledge. The difference between what is opinion and what is knowledge. Popper's hope is to cut ties from psychological theories of the time and introduce epistemology in terms of objectivity. He does this by showing the development of knowledge in terms of human evolution. -
Problem Solving
Popper discusses his view of scientists and describes them as problem solvers. He says that scientific discovery, as it stands, starts with a problem to be solved rather than an observation.