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Period: to
1600's Colonial Period & English Puritan Influence
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Puritan Period
In the 1600s, the English Puritans brought their child-rearing practices and values to the New World. The Puritan Period (1646-1824) was the first attempt by the colonies to deal with problematic children. -
Juvenile courts
Enligtenment thinkers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that children are fundamentally different regarding juvenile issues and Jane Addams was one of the first advocates that trying kids as an adult was cruel and unfair. -
Period: to
1700s Scholar and Medical Expert Influence
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1800s/Early 19th Century
The Reformatory Era saw the establishment of reformatories aimed at rehabilitating rather than punishing juvenile offenders. The Houses of Refuge was established in 1825, providing shelter and education for neglected children. -
Period: to
1800s/Early 19th Century, Parens Patriae, Reformatory Era and Houses of Refuge
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Juvenile Court Act
The first juvenile court in the United States, was founded in 1899 in Chicago. The act gave the court jurisdiction over neglected, dependent, and delinquent children under age 16. The focus of the court was rehabilitation rather than punishment. -
Period: to
Early 1900s, Juvenile Probation
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Period: to
Mid 1900s
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Juvenile Courts Mid 1900s, In re Winship, Kent v. United States, In re Gault, McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
Following Kent v. United States, In re Gault, McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, a trial by jury was ruled not "constitutionally required" in the adjudicative phase of a state juvenile court delinquency proceeding. -
Period: to
Early-mid 2000s
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Policing and Juvenile Justice today
In today's world, I feel as if crimes being committed are seen more and more in the younger crowds, and juvenile delinquents are seen more commonly, causing policing around young adults to be taken more seriously and being charged as an adult is done more often than not in the court preceding's.