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The Trails of Tears
the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. -
The Indian Removal Act
The Act established a process whereby the President could grant land west of the Mississippi River to Indian tribes that agreed to give up their homelands. -
The Civil War
four-year war (1861–65) between the United States and 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. -
The Reconstruction Treaties
The Southern Treaty Commission was created by Congress to write new treaties with the Tribes that sided with the Confederacy. -
The Dawes Act
the law authorized the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals. -
The Oklahoma Land Rush
began the legal opening of federally held land to white settlement. -
The Indian Reorganization Act
granted a new degree of autonomy to Native Americans in the United States, giving them greater control over their lands and allowing them to form legally recognized tribal governments.