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Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow laws were state/local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. This took away Black Americans’ equal rights regarding education, voting, housing, and social lives. These laws led to the start of the Civil Rights Movement, which eventually led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Both of these acts ended legal discrimination. -
Lynching of Jesse Washington
The lynching of Jesse Washington happened in Waco, Texas after the rushed trial of a 17 year old Black teenager. He was accused of murdering a white woman name Lucy Fryer and after his trial a white mob tortured and burned him out in public. This event was greatly photographed, and sparked a national outrage, but it led to increased awareness and efforts to pass anti-lynching laws. -
Executive Order 9981
The Executive Order 9981 was passed by President Harry Truman. This made it so that all service members had equal treatment regardless of their race. This led to the gradual integration of the armed forces and created more opportunities for Black soldiers. However, there was resistance from Southern politicians and military leaders, who delayed the full implementation of the executive order at first. -
Brown vs Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was a Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. It overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and said that “separate but equal” was unequal. This outcome helped give the Civil Rights Movement a big push and led to the gradual desegregation of schools. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This graph shows the percentage of Black students in White schools from 1954to 2011. It highlights how after Brown v. Board of Education, the amount of Black students who started to attend White school spiked. -
Emmet Till
A 14 year old Black boy from Chicago was brutally murdered in Money, Mississippi, after being falsely accused of whistling at a white woman named Carolyn Bryant. His two killers who kidnapped, beat, shot, and threw him into the Tallahatchie River later admitted to the crime but were let go. An open casket funeral for him was held and the true horrors of what happened showed. People were shocked nationwide, but no one was ever held accountable even though Carolyn Bryant admitted she had lied. -
Emmett Till
This picture shows the open casket funeral that Emmett Till’s mother held for him. Many people saw his body that’s as so distorted and they were shocked. This got to attention of many nationwide. -
Rosa Parks
In Montgomery, Alabama a woman named Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white man. This sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott which helped launch the Civil Rights Movement and magnified Martin Luther King Jr. as a national leader. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott began after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat, which led to Black residents to boycott the city’s buses for 381 days. The protest was led by Martin Luther King Jr. and resulted in the Supreme Court ruling bus segregation unconstitutional in Browder v. Gayle. However, some white individuals resisted through arrests and violence, including bombing King’s home. -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
This chart shows that after the Montgomery Bus Boycott the revenue drops drastically and the number of passengers drops to zero. This is how effective the protest was and the change that it made on the economic stability of bus companies. -
Little Rock Nine
The Little Rock Nine were 9 Black students who wanted to enroll in Rock Central High School, but the students were met by a huge White mob as well as the National Guard blocking them. In response, President Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the students, which enforced the ruling from Brown v. Board of Education. This inspired future school integration, but the governor, Faubus, shut down Little Rock’s public high schools instead of allowing desegregation. -
Little Rock Nine
This chart shows how Black students face significantly more punishment than the White Students. It shows a great example of what happened after the Little Rock Nine and that it made a little progress for the Civil Rights Movement. On the other hand it shows that the protest wasn’t totally successful, but they still were allowed to go to school now. -
James Meredith
James Meredith became the first Black student to enroll at the University of Mississippi. He faced violent riots from white mobs and the opposition from Governor Ross Barnett. President John F. Kennedy decided to send federal troops to protect him at the University. Meredith’s bravery inspired other Black students to also challenge segregation event though he continued to face threats and harassment for the rest of his time at Ole Miss. -
The Freedom Riders
The Freedom Riders were civil rights activists that rode intestate buses through the segregated South states in order to protest the lack of enforcement of desegregation laws. They faced extreme violence, like a bus bombing in Alabama, brutal beatings like in Montgomery, and obstacles from police. The protest led to pressuring the federal government to enforce desegregation on interstate travel, gaining national attention, and helping the Civil Rights Movement. -
The Freedom Riders
This photo shows all of the destinations the Freedom Riders went and how long they were there for. -
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The Children’s Crusade
In Birmingham, Alabama, Martin Luther King Jr. planned to hold a march that would only have Black children in it in order to send a message. Hundreds of children marched to protest segregation, but they were stopped by police, fire hoses, and attacks by dogs. The horrific scenes were shared all over television and shame was felt nationwide. This event supported the Civil Rights Movement, pressured the federal government to act and create the path for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
Desegregation of the University of Alabama
Governor George Wallace tried to stop the desegregation of the University of Alabama. John F. Kennedy decided to step in and federalize the Alabama National Guard, which forced Wallace to step aside and allow integration. This helped pave the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and kept the advancement of desegregation in universities going. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was for jobs and freedoms, and it brought thousands of people to the Lincoln Memorial. This is where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech. The march also built momentum for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, increased national awareness of racial injustice, and demonstrated unity. -
The March on Washington
This graph shows that the unemployment rate of Black people have been and still are more than White people. This is a good reason of why the March on Washington happened. -
The March on Washington
This quote from MLK’s “I Have a Dream” speech is just one of many inspiring parts of his speech. He gave people the confidence to construe doing what is right and what they deserve. He gave them the bravery to fight for future generations. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed segregation in public spaces and banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or origin. This Act was pushed through by President Lyndon B. Johnson and it ended legal segregation and helped start the process for future protections like the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
This map shows who voted yes, no, or that were even split for the Civil Rights Act. -
Bloody Sunday
600 marchers in Selma, Alabama, were attacked by state troopers and some white residents while attempting to cross the Edmond Pettus Bridge to protest voting discrimination. The violence was on television and it shocked the nation, which led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. However, Governor George Wallace and other who supported segregation continued to resist voting rights efforts with violence and intimidation. -
Bloody Sunday
This photo shows the large amount of Black people that were marching over the bridge. This really shows the strength and bravery that hundreds of people had. They were so passionate for what they believed was right and what they deserved.