-
3000 BCE
primitive timeline
he snakeroot plant has traditionally been a tonic in the east to calm patients; it is now used in orthodox medical practice to reduce blood pressure. Doctors in ancient India gave an extract of foxglove to patients with legs swollen by dropsy, an excess of fluid resulting from a weak heart; digitalis, a constituent of foxglove, is now a standard stimulant for the heart. -
3000 BCE
primitive timeline
average life span was 20 years -
3000 BCE
primitive timeline
believed that illness and disease were caused by supernatural spirits and demons. -
3000 BCE
primitive timeline
Tribal witch doctors treated illness with ceremonies to drive out evil spirits. -
3000 BCE
primitave timeline
Herbs and plants used as medicines, and some are still used today. -
3000 BCE
primative timeline
Trepanation or trephining (boring a hole in the skull) was used to treat insanity and epilepsy. -
Period: 3000 BCE to 300 BCE
ancient Egypt
Earliest people known to maintain accurate health records. -
Period: 1700 BCE to 256 BCE
Ancient China
OK believed in the need to cheat the whole body by treating the spirit and nursing the body. -
Period: 1200 BCE to 200
ancient Greece
Began modern medical science by observing the human body and effects of disease. -
753 BCE
Ancient Rome
Again public health and sanitation systems. Average lifespan 25 to 35 years. -
410 BCE
ancient rome
early hospitals developed -
300 BCE
ancient egypt
If channels became "clogged", bloodletting or leeches were used to "open" them.
Used magic medicinal plants to treat disease. -
300 BCE
ancient egypt
Earliest people known to maintain accurate health records. -
300 BCE
ancient egypt
Called upon the gods to heal them when disease occurred. -
300 BCE
ancient egypt
Imnphotep ( 2635-2595? BC) may have been the first physician.
Believed the body was a system of channels for air, tears, blood, urine, sperm, and feces. -
300 BCE
ancient egypt
life span was 20 years - 30 years -
300 BCE
ancient egypt
Physicians were priests who studied medicine and surgery in temple medical schools. -
256 BCE
ancient china
Requited medication based mainly on the use of herbs. -
256 BCE
ancient china
Use acupuncture, or puncture of the skin by need us to leave pain and congestion. -
256 BCE
ancient china
Used moxibustion to treat disease -
256 BCE
ancient china
Believed illness is a result of natural causes.Began the search for medical reasons for illness -
256 BCE
ancient china
average life span is 20-30 years -
200
ancient Greece
Hippocrates called the father of medicine. -
200
ancient greece
Average lifespan 25 to 35 years. -
200
ancient Greece
Stressed diet and cleanliness as ways to prevent disease -
200
ancient greece
Began modern medical science -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Ages
Emohasis was placed on saving the soul and the study of medicine was prohibited. -
410
ancient rome
First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers -
410
ancient rome
Medicine in ancient Rome combined various techniques using different tools, methodology, and ingredients. Roman medicine was highly influenced by Greek medicine. Greek physicians including Dioscorides and Galen practiced medicine and recorded their discoveries in the Roman Empire. These two physicians had knowledge of hundreds of herbal, among other, medicines. -
410
ancient rome
Greek symbols and gods greatly influenced ancient Roman medicine. The caduceus, pictured right, was originally associated with Hermes, the Greek god of commerce.[10] He carried a staff wrapped with two snakes, known as the caduceus. This symbol later became associated with the Roman God, Mercury. Later, in the 7th century, the caduceus became associated with health and medicine due to its association with the Azoth, the alchemical "universal solvent" -
800
dark ages
Prayer and divine intervention where used to treat illness and disease. -
800
dark ages
Monks and priest provided custodial care for sick people. -
800
dark ages
Medications were mainly herbal mixtures. -
800
dark ages
average life span was 20 to 30 years -
800
dark ages
Blood letting was a popular treatment for many diseases. -
Period: 800 to 1400
middle ages
Renewed interest in the medical practice of Greeks and Romans.
Physicians begin to obtain knowledge a medical universities in the ninth century. -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
-
1400
middle ages
A pandemic of the bubonic plague killed three quarters of the population of Europe and Asia.
Major diseases were smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis,typhoid, the plague, and malaria -
1400
middle ages
A Rab physicians use their knowledge of chemistry to advance pharmacology.
Rhazes became known as the Arab Hippocrates :
- Based diagnosis on observations of the signs and symptoms of disease.
- Developed criteria for distinguishing between smallpox and measles in 910 ad. -
1400
middle ages
-suggested blood was the cause of many infections diseases.
- began the use of animal for suture material -
1400
middle ages
Renewed interest in medical practice -
1400
middle ages
Arabs began requiring that physicians pass examination and obtain licenses
Avenzoar, a physician, describe the parasite causing scabies in the 12th century
Average lifespan was 20 to 35 years -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th centuries
-
Renaissance
Rebirth of science of medicine
Dissection of the body began to allow a better understanding of anatomy and psychology -
Renaissance
Artists Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci see use that section to drive the human body more realistically -
Renaissance
First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius -
Renaissance
First book on dietetics was written by Issac Judaeus -
Renaissance
First chairs of medicine created at Oxford and Cambridge in England in 1440
Development of the printing press allowed knowledge to be spread to others -
Renaissance
Michael Servetus
- Describe the circulatory system in the lungs
- Explained how digestion is a source of heat for the body
Roger Bacon
- Promoted chemical remedies to treat disease
- researched optics and refraction
Average lifespan was 30 to 40 years -
16th and 17th centuries
Causes of disease were still not known and many people died from infections and perpetual fever -
16th and 17th centuries
Ambrose Pare, a French surgeon, known as the father of modern surgery :
- establish the use ligatures to bind arteries and stop bleeding
- established use of boiling oil to cauterize wounds
- improve treatment of fractures and promoted use of artificial limbs -
16th and 17th centuries
William Harvey described the circulation of blood to and from the heart in 1628 -
16th and 17th centuries
Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope in 1666
First successful blood transfusion on animals performed in England in 1667 -
16th and 17th centuries
Bartholomew Eustachio identified the eustachian to leading from the ear to the throat
Scientific societies, such as the Royal Society of London, were established -
16th and 17th centuries
Apothecaries made, prescribed, and sold medications
Average lifespan was 35 to 45 years -
18th 19th 20th 21st century
The Human Genome Project to identify all of the approximately 20k to 25k genes in the human DNA was completed in 2003. Stem cell researchers at University of Minnesota coaxed embryonic stem cells to produce cancer killing cells in 2005. -
18th 19th 20th 21st century
average life span is around 70 years old
Cures for aids cancer and heart disease are found
Genetic manipulation to prevent inherited diseases is a common practice
Development of methods to slow the aging process I stop aging are created -
18th 18th 20th 21st century
Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer in 1714
Joseph Priestley discovered the element oxygen in 1774
John hunter, an English surgeon :
- established scientific surgical procedures
- introduced tube feeding in 1778
Benjamin Franklin invented bifocals for glasses
Dr. Jessee Bennet performed the first successful cesarean section operation to deliver an infant in 1794 -
18th 19th 20th 21st century
James Lind,prescribed lime juice containing vitamin C to prevent scurvy in 1795
Edward Jenner developed a vaccination for smallpox in 1796
Average lifespan was 40 to 50 years 19 Century
Royal College of surgeons founded in London in 1800hy
French barbers acted as surgeons by extracting teeth, using leeches for treatment, and giving enemas.
First Federal vaccination legislation enacted in 1813
First successful blood transfusion was performed on humans in 1818 by James Blundell -
18th 19th 20th 21 century
Robert Koch, another individual who is also called the "Father of Microbiology," develop the culture plate method to identify pathogens and in 1882 isolated the bacteria that causes tuberculosis
Louis Pasteur contributed many discoveries to the practice of medicine including :
- proving that microorganisms cause disease
-Pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria
-creating a vaccine for rabies in 1885
Gregory Mindel established principles of heredity and dominant/recessive patterns -
18th 19th 20th 21st centurys
The first kidney dialysis Machine was developed in 1944
Jonas Salk developed the polio vaccine using dead polio virus in 1952
Francis crick and James Watson described the structure of DNA and how it carries genetic information in 1953Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928
Buddy, a German Shepherd, became the first guy dog for the blind in 1928Adult stem cells were used in the treatment of disease early in the 2000s. -
Period: to
18th 19th 20th 21st century