-
1792
The Russians unsuccessfully try to establish trade relations with Japan. -
1820
China and Japan accounted for approximately half of the world's GDP -
1825
Shogun Ienari issued Gaikokusen Uchiharai Rei, an order to repel foreign ships and a reaffirmation of the National Seclusion policy enacted by Tokugawa Iemitsu in 1639. The new order was declared in response to an increasing number of foreign ships, particularly whaling ships, which entered Japanese waters and threatened Japan's determination to prevent interaction with western nations.