-
Italy adopted a Constitution
The Italian state, Pedmont-Sardinia, adopted a liberal constitution. Nearly all of the Italians were liberal, so they all agreed upon this. -
German Consitution
Germany signed a liberal Constituion during the revolts. -
Berlin riots
Rioters in Berlin organized a constitutional convention. -
Cavour appointed as Prime Minister
Victor Emmanuel, the Italian leader, appointed Camillo di Cavour as Prime Minister. Cavour was a hard-working statesmen. -
Napoleon assisted Italy
Italy created an alliance with the French. The two nations drove Austria out of Italy so the Sardinians could regain control. -
Garibaldi captures Sicily
Under secret instruction of Cavour, Garibaldi led a group of Italian nationalist rebels called the "Red Shirts" into Sicily. They captured the city. -
Emmanuel meets Garibaldi
After Garibaldi's trek to Naples, Victor Emmanuel graciously welcomes him into the city. -
Wilhelm appointed to the throne
Wilhelm I became the Prussian king. -
Otto von Bismarck as Prime Minister
Wilhelm, the Prussian king at the time, required a Prime Minister to advise him. He appointed Otto von Bismarck. Bismarck was a conservative "junker" who focused on the politics of reality. -
Second Schleswig War
Prussia and Austria formed an alliance against Denmark. They took over Schleswig and Holstein; Prussia gained the former, Austria took control of Holstein. -
Alliance and War
Prussia and Austria formed an alliance. The two nations went to war against Denmark to win border provinces- Schleswig and Holstein. They won. Prussia took Schleswig, and Austria controlled Holstein. -
Italy overtook Venetia
Venetia joined the control of Italy. It was previously under Austrian rule. -
Period: to
Seven Weeks War
The Austro-Prussian War, also known as the Seven Weeks War, took place between Austria and Prussia. Austria was humiliated from their tragic defeat; Prussia's military was stronger in skills and in weaponry. In this war, Prussia gained Venetia and German territories. -
Italian forces overtook Papal States
Italy gained control over the Papal States, which were the final addition to their empire. This was significant because Rome is within the Papal States, and Rome is the current capital of Italy. -
Period: to
Franco-Prussian War
The Catholic, Southern Germans onflicted with the Protestant Prussian rulers. Bismarck wanted to threaten them from the outside with the French. Prussia gained France, inclding Napoleon, their leader, in the process. Wilhelm was crowned as emperor at Versailles. -
Rome captured
Italian army enters Rome, and the capital of Italy officially becomes Rome.