Timeline of Key Events in the Decline of Local Print Media in the U.S.

  • Peak of Newspaper Circulation

    According to the U.S. Census Bureau, weekday newspaper circulation peaked at 55.8 million. This represents the high point of print readership before digital disruption began. Data over the following decades show a sharp decline in readership, with only 24.3 million daily readers by 2020. In a time when digital media wasn’t the public norm, print newspapers dominated the media landscape.
  • Print Advertising Revenue Hits All-Time Highs

    In 2004, U.S. newspaper print advertising revenue reached a peak, bringing in over $49 billion. This year marked the height of print revenue, largely due to the dominance of newspapers in advertising for local businesses and various promotions. However, as digital platforms grew more popular and accessible, this advertising model began facing challenges. This year is often seen as the high watermark before the decline triggered by digital advertising platforms.
  • Period: to

    Further Newspaper Circulation Drop-offs

    Over this 15-year span, weekday circulation for local U.S. newspapers dropped by 40%, while Sunday circulation fell by 45%. This period represents a critical turning point for local newspapers, which struggled to retain readers amid growing competition from online news sources and digital aggregators. As readers shifted online, newspapers lost not only circulation but also the advertising dollars that traditionally followed readership.
  • Economic Crisis and Newspaper Revenue Collapse

    The Pew Research Center reports that newspaper advertising revenue saw a steep decline following the 2008 financial crisis, falling from approximately $37.8 billion in 2008 to $14.3 billion in 2018. This severe falloff was due to the loss of advertising budgets during the recession, which especially impacted local newspapers reliant on ad revenue​. With local outlets relying on ad revenue as a primary stream of revenue, this period saw the decline of many smaller publications.
  • Digital News Begins to Take Over

    By 2015, digital circulation for newspapers began to rise significantly. This shift marked a 30% increase in digital weekday circulation by 2020 and shows how newspapers increasingly prioritized their online presence to capture digital readers. While print circulation continued to fall, this period saw local newspapers experimenting with digital subscriptions to make up for lost print revenue. Although digital readership grew, it was often insufficient to offset the decline in print income.
  • Introduction of the Local Journalism Sustainability Act

    In 2017, Congress introduced the Local Journalism Sustainability Act to provide financial support for local news organizations. This legislative effort aimed to help newspapers that were struggling to adapt to the digital landscape through tax credits for local journalism jobs and subscriptions. Despite bipartisan support, the bill faced challenges in gaining traction and ultimately did not pass, emphasizing ongoing struggles to find effective solutions for the local news crisis.
  • The Rise of "News Deserts"

    According to a UNC report in 2019, over 2,100 newspapers have closed since 2004, highlighting the rise of "news deserts," with 1,800 communities in the U.S. without any local news coverage. The lack of local newspapers correlated with reduced civic engagement and increased political polarization seen today. Now, news consumers in many of these remote areas are forced to consume digital news due to a lack of local reporting.
  • Newspaper Circulation Reaches Lowest Levels

    The combined print and digital circulation for U.S. daily newspapers hit one of its lowest levels, with weekday circulation down to 8.3 million and Sunday circulation at 15.4 million. This year also saw the COVID-19 pandemic further impact already-struggling print media, with local businesses cutting advertising budgets and reducing revenue streams for newspapers. This spike did not translate into sustainable revenue for many local outlets, highlighting the difficulty of maintaining viewership.
  • Digital Subscription Growth and Challenges

    According to Pew Research Center, many local newspapers began to see growth in digital subscriptions by 2021. However, this revenue source was still insufficient to replace the lost print revenue. Some newspapers reported a 25% increase in digital subscriptions, yet many struggled with the transition from print to digital due to the competition with free online news sources.
  • Rise of Nonprofit News Organizations

    In 2022, there was a notable increase in the number of nonprofit news organizations aimed at filling the gaps left by traditional local newspapers. These organizations focus on investigative journalism and local reporting, looking to address the growing issue of news deserts. This trend reflects both the challenges of maintaining traditional print models and how a creative response was formed to combat the information void created by newspaper closures​.