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Impressment by the Royal Navy begins
a) Royal Navy forces young colonial men into military service.
b) Royal Navy personnel faced low wages, bad food, harsh punishment, rampant disease, and high mortality.
c) Efforts to recruit were often met with violent resistance. -
Seven Years’ War begins as a regional conflict
a) Begins in the Ohio River valley.
b) Causes an enormous shift in political and economic relations.
c) Expands into a brutal and lengthy war encompassing the world. -
George Washington gains control of Fort Duquesne
a) The French began encroaching on British territory and gained control of a British post and renamed it Fort Duquesne.
b) Washington’s surprise attack leads the governors of Virginia and North Carolina to provide him with more troops.
c) Washington is helped by American Indians hostile to the French. -
Washington surrenders in the Battle of the Great Meadows
a) French retaliate against Washington’s surprise attack on Fort Duquesne.
b) Washington is compelled to surrender.
c) Battle of the Great Meadows is the only battle where George Washington surrendered. -
Albany Plan of Union proposed
a) Put together by Benjamin Franklin.
b) Seeks to create a more centralized colonial government.
c) Never implemented.
i) British officials feared that it would undermine their authority.
ii) Rejected by individual colonies who did not want to give up
sovereignty.
iii) Iroquois delegates left Congress because they had no
representation. -
General Edward Braddock prepares his army to take Fort Duquesne
a) Arrives with two regiments to expel the French from Fort Duquesne.
b) Joined by colonial militia units.
c) Braddock was ambushed and killed by American Indian forces. -
France and Great Britain officially declare war against each other
a) European nations begin to contest imperial claims elsewhere in the world.
b) Austria, Russia, Sweden, most German states, and Spain ally with France.
c) Portugal and Prussia side with Great Britain. -
The British win Quebec and control Canada
a) Prussia holds Europe and Britain pour troops into North America.
b) Britain turns the tide by capturing:
i) Fort Louisburg
ii) Fort Frontenac (renamed Fort Pitt)
iii) Fort Frontenac
iv) Fort Ticonderoga
v) Fort Crown Point
c) Prussia defeated France and its allies in Europe. -
Proclamation Line of 1763 passed
a) Restricts colonial settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.
b) Britain hoped to avoid further costly frontier clashes.
c) The proclamation sparked protests from rich and poor colonists alike.
i) Small farmers who hoped to gain rich farmlands were told to
stay put.
ii) Wealthy speculators continued to purchase additional lands. -
Peace of Paris ends the Seven Years’ War
a) Geographical Changes:
i) Britain controls North America east of the Mississippi River and
all of Canada.
ii) Spain ceded Florida to Britain but gained land east of the
Mississippi.
b) Internal conflicts within the British Empire were left unresolved.
c) Seven Years’ War leaves the British Empire in debt.