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The Advancement of Textbooks and Technology in Education
Textbooks have been around for centuries. Several authors and writers have developed textbooks and technology for the evolving student.
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Benjamin Harris
Harris published The New-England Primer, adapted from his earlier, savagely political speller, The Protestant Tutor (1679); the primer was for half a century the only elementary textbook in America. Its 80 pages, measuring 4 1/2 by 3 inches, contained woodcuts illustrating the alphabet, crude couplets, and moral texts, including the child’s prayer. -
The New England Primer
The New England Primer, was by far the most commonly used textbook in the United States for over 100 years. The first edition was printing in 1690 and it was still in used in 1900. It was intended to be used to help teach children to read: it included a rhyme to teach the alphabet, vocabulary words, and many short poems and other practice reading selections. -
Slate Tablets
In early schools, each child owned a book-sized writing slate encased in a wood frame. This was used for practicing script and it traveled to and from school with the student each day. The student scratched the slate with a slate pencil, which was a cylinder of rock. Eventually, the slate pencil was replaced by soft chalk, making it easier to write. Students did not preserve any of their work in the form of what is described today as class notes. -
Typewriter
The idea began at Kleinsteuber's Machine Shop in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in the year 1868. A local publisher-politician-philosopher named Christopher Latham Sholes spent hours at Kleinstuber's with fellow tinkerers, eager to participate in the Age of Invention to produce devices to improve the lot of Mankind. It's said Sholes was working on a machine to automatically number the pages in books, when one of his colleagues suggested the idea might be extended to a device to print the entire alphabet. -
Christopher Latham Sholes
Sholes invented the typewriter. This invention would be used to be the modern computer in the 1800s. Many colleges and universities were outfitted with this machine. -
The Improving America's School Act
Bill Clinton signed this act into law to promote increased funding for bilingual and immigrant education, dropout prevention, and technology advancements into education. -
International Association for K-12 Online Learning
Online learning is placed before the students, so that each student is accommodated for it. iNACOL is centered around developing online programs for students. The organization's goal is to enhance K-12 online learning. -
Higher Education Opportunity Act
This document allows students to have equal opportunities to attend higher education institutions. This was signed by President Obama to initiate change to reform education for everybody to attend a higher education institution. -
American Reinvestment and Recovery Act
The Race to the Top Initiative was placed by Obama to promote more students to chase their dreams of education. 90 billion dollars was given for education. In each phase of the program, grants were given to fund the necessary technical assistance in the classroom. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
Helps to support and grow local innovations—including evidence-based and place-based interventions developed by local leaders and educators
Sustains and expands this administration's historic investments in increasing access to high-quality preschool.
Maintains an expectation that there will be accountability and action to effect positive change in our lowest-performing schools, where groups of students are not making progress, and where graduation rates are low over extended periods of time. -
References
Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015, Pub. L. No. 114-95, 129 Stat. 1803 (2015). Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008, Pub. L. No. 110-315, §104, 122 Stat. 3090 (2008). Civic Impulse. (2017). S. 1513 — 103rd Congress: Improving America’s Schools Act of 1994. Retrieved from https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/103/s1513 Civic Impulse. (2017). S. 1 — 111th Congress: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Retrieved from https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/111/s1
