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Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
signed by King John to create peace. -
Period: Dec 15, 1300 to
Renaissance
the cultural rebirth of the arts in Europe after the Dark Ages. This was the beginning of many more tech and cultural innovations. -
Period: Jan 1, 1440 to
Middle Passage
sea passage slaves took from Africa to the New World. The English took these slaves. The MiddlePassage was the main way of travel for slave trading -
Aug 6, 1492
Christopher Columbus
Takes credit for discovering America whoever he intended to so west to the Indies. This is important to modern-day society because America was discovered and it began migration. -
Oct 12, 1492
Columbian Exchange
the trade of goods, slaves, and diseases between the New World and Europe. This introduced new culture, people, and diseases. -
Period: Aug 3, 1502 to Dec 2, 1520
Moctezuma
Ruler of the Aztec Empire when the spanish conquered the empire. This is important because he had enough trust in Cortes to let him into the empire and take control. -
Apr 14, 1518
Hernan Cortes
A conquistador who claimed Mexico for SPain. The importance of Cortes is him taking siege of the Aztec Empire and claiming Mexico. -
Period: Jan 1, 1519 to Jan 1, 1521
Conquistador
A Spanish conquerer of Mexico and Peru during the 16th century. These were men in the military and they invaded and took over America. This gave Europeans control of people and gave way to a genocide and colonization. -
John Smith
Englishman who was a part of Jamestown (1st colony) He was involved with Pocahontas. -
Period: to
Salutary Neglect
the unofficial policy in England meant to calm enforecement of strict laws given to American colonies. This allowed colonies to prosper by trade. -
House of Burgesses
The first representative body in America. It was appointed by the English crown and began a democracy -
Mayflower Compact
Compact signed by 41 English colonists on the Mayflower. This was the 1st written foundation of government in America -
Habeus Corpus
"law" stating that someone under arrest must see a judge in court. This gives the citizens more rights. -
Period: to
Enlightenment
18th century period that's focus was directed towards science and reasoning. Europeans were a part of the movement which supported technological advances. -
Bacon's Rebellion
revolt against Governor William Berkeley.Those who were involved in the rebellion were Virginia's settlers lead by Nathan Bacon. It was the colonies first time rebelling against English leadership. -
English Bill of Rights
Took away some of the monarch's power and made a separation of power. This improved the democratic elecrtion and aided freedom of speech in England. -
Period: to
The Great Awakening
revival of religion in America among the colonists. This caused a rush of religions -
Articles of Confederation
The United States first constitution adopted by the continental congress in 1777. American citizens were able to comprehend the powers the continental congress had and didn’t have. They were created to make a functioning government. -
Period: to
Shays Rebellion
Name given to series of protest in 1786 and 1787. These people protesting were farmers against the state and local tax enforcement. This is important because it made people realize the states had excessive power -
Northwest Ordinance
Act if the Congress of Confederation of the United States. This gave territory of the United States (North-West of the Ohio River) This affected Americans. It is the most important of the three acts. -
The Great Compromise
agreements to have a bicameral legislation in order to make both large and small states happy. This is important because it is still in effect. -
The Federalist
85 essays defending the constitution against the anti-federalist. The importance of the Federalist is that it helped to ratify the constitution. -
Period: to
Whiskey Rebellion
Farmers upset wtih protective tariff, bear up federal marshals and threatened to secede from the Union. This was a milestone in the consolodation of federal power in domestic affairs. -
Cotton Gin
Inventred by Eli Whitney in 1793. It is an invention created to help slaces slaves pick the seeds out from cotton. The cotton gin was important to the South's economy and improved it. -
Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of treasury. Hamilton was a part of Washington's cabinet. Alexander Hamilton's vision for America was a lot like Great Britain. He had opposed of Jefferson's views and sided with upper-class citizens. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The president is allowed to deport or jail any alien. A growing threat was seen versus the government when immigrants from foriegn countries were Democrat-Republican party. -
Marbury v Madison
One of the most important Supreme Court decisions of all time. Commission was not given to Marbury and Madison refused to deliver it to him. Marbury asked the Supreme Court to force Madison to give it to him. -
Louisiana Purchase
the acquisition of the Louisiana territory by the US from France in 1803. Without the purchase of Louisiana territory, it would belong to France today -
War Hawks
A person who clamors for war; especially a jngoistic American favoring wat wtih Britain -
Treaty of Ghent
Signed in Ghent. A peace treaty that ended War of 1812. This peacefully ended the war. -
Missouri Compromise
Effort by Congress to settle the rivalries caused by the request of Missouri -
Tariff of Abominations
A protective tariff passed by the Congress on May 19, 1823. It was designed to protect industry in the northern United States. It was very important. -
Monroe Doctrine
U.S. Foreign policy regarding domination of American continent and 1823. It states that Europe has no authority to colonize the Americas. This is important to America's isolationism. -
Period: to
Andrew Jackson
Seventh President of the United States. (1829-1837) He sought out to act as the direct representative of the common man. He was an important president and was an important voice for Americans. -
Period: to
Abolition Movement
Movement to end slavery. This emerged in the 1830s as a by-product of the popularity of religious revivalism. This was important beacuse all men were seen as free. -
Indian Removal Act
authorized the president to negotiate with Indian tribes for their removal to territory West of the Mississippi River in exchange for their homeland. This lead to the Trail of Tears. -
Manifest Destiny
The idea/term for the idea that American expansion was destined to be stretched from coast to coast. This attitude helped fuel western settlement and was important in what America is today. -
Period: to
California Gold Rush
Period when gold was discovered in California and sent masses of men to the Wesr coast in search of wealth. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Officially entitled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits, and Settlement between the U.S. and Mexican Republic. This was important in the peace between the two. -
Period: to
Gadsen Purchase
29,640 square mile region in the southwest. It was the settlement of the main boundaries of the United States and Mexico. -
Period: to
Radical Republicans
A Republican party favoring drastic and usually repressive measures against the southern states in the period following the Civil War. -
Period: to
Freedmen's Bureau
Established in 1865 by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War. This was important in America's march towards equality. -
Battle of Fort Sumter
Charleston, SC. Confederates (Beauregard) attack the Union(Anderson). 80 Union and 500 Confederate and Union surrenders. 1 Union casualty. First battle of Civil War. -
Period: to
Anaconda Plan
Civil War strategy used throughout the whole war. Devised by Winfield Scott. Plan was to blockade saltwater ports and stop all commerce, divide the south, and capture Richmond, Virginia(Capital of Confederate States) . Named the anaconda because it would strangle the Confederacy. -
1st Battle of Bull Run
Virginia. "The First Manassas". Union forces were slow. Gave Confederate forces time to arrive by rail. Both forces had abouut 18,000 troops. Politicall pressure for the Union to fight. Union lost contrary to their hopes of ending the war. 1st major land battle of the war. Union realized it wouldn't be easy. -
Period: to
The Battle of Shiloh
Tennessee. Union captured forts Donelson and Henry allowed troops to be moved to TN. Union unaware of Confederate attack. Confederates gained Shiloh chapel. Union counterattacked and Confederates retreated. Known as the bloodiest battle of the Civil War at the time. -
Battle of Antietam
Sharpsburg, MD. Lee had defensive strategy. (bainting McClellan) McClellan overly cautious-stops invasion, outnumbers Confederate, "not lose " attitude. Bloodiest single day battle at this point. Union considers a victory but it was a draw. Invention of mini ball is important. Repelled South invasion. Emancipation Proclomation is a direct result. Lifted North morale. -
Period: to
Battle of Fredericksburg
North (Burnside) South (Lee) Largest and deadliest battles up to this point. Virginia. Union was supposed to attack. Lincoln ordered Burnside to initiate battle in VA. Burnside had poor tactics leading to Confederate victory. Led to Mud March. Burnside was let go by Lincoln because he was a poor tactician. -
Period: to
The Siege of Vicksburg
Last major Confederate stronghold on Mississippi River. Union attempted to cut off Confederate resources. Union failed and ended up with more casualties but still won the battle. Union used guerilla tactics. Pemberton (South) demanded Grant (North) to surrender to them. Grant didn't. -
Period: to
Battle of Gettysburg
Union won. Confederates had more casualties. Lee's 2nd invasion attempt of North. Largest and bloodiest in America. Day 1-Union collapsed. Day2-Union held ground. Day 3- Union won. Lincoln gives address. -
Battle of Atlanta
Union won in SW Georgia. Victory increased Northern morale, helped Lincoln get re-elected. Atlanta was center of military operations and a prominent target for the Union armies. Afterwards, Sherman headed to Savannah(began Sherman's March) South had advantage because they knew the land. -
Mormon Movement
When Mormons began to move into the West in 1864 due to persecution. This is important in the religious diversiry America posseses. -
Period: to
Sherman's March (Total War)
March from Atlanta to Savannah. North-William T. Sherman & Grant. 62,000. South- vs TN(Howard) vs GA(Slocum) Total War- march destroyed economy, livestock, goods,homes,railroad. Sherman freed slaves. -
Period: to
Reconstruction
The process by which the states that had seceded were reorganized as part of the Union after the Civil War. -
Erie Canal
Canal in New York that originally ran approximately 363 miles from Albany to Buffalo. It connects the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean via HudsonR River. -
Civil Rights Act 1866
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 granted citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all male persons in the United States "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude." This was an important movement on the path to equality.