-
Bessemer Process
- first method discovered for mass-producing steel
-1847
~William Kelly
- began experiments
- removing impurities from pig iron by an air blast
-Kelly's theory ~air in molten iron supply oxygen to react ~ oxides separable as slag ~heat evolved in reactions increase ttemperature of the mass ~ keeping it from solidifying during operation
- first method discovered for mass-producing steel
-1847
~William Kelly
- began experiments
- removing impurities from pig iron by an air blast
-
Edwin Drake
- born March 29, 1819, Greenville, New York, U.S.
- died November 8, 1880, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
- driller of first productive oil well in the United States
-
Credit Moblier Scandal
- illegal manipulation of contracts
- construction and finance company associated with building Union Pacific Railroad
-
Christopher Sholes
- born Feb. 14, 1819, near Mooresburg, Pa., U.S.
- died Feb. 17, 1890, Milwaukee
- apprenticed as a printer
- became editor of the Milwaukee News
~ depveloped typewriter
-
Transcontinental Railroad
- completed May 10, 1869
- Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads meet in Promontory, Utah
- made transcontinental railroad travel possible for the first time in U.S. history
- western-bound travelers No longer need to take long and dangerous journey by wagon train
-
John D. Rockefeller
- born July 8, 1839, Richford, New York, U.S.
- died May 23, 1937, Ormond Beach, Florida
- founder of the Standard Oil Company
- helped oil industry
-
Alexander Graham Bell
-born March 3, 1847, Edinburgh, Scotland
- died August 2, 1922, Beinn Bhreagh, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada -Scottish-born American inventor, scientist, and teacher of the deaf
-invention of the telephone
-the refinement of the phonograph -
Munn v Illinois
-case for government to regulate private industries
-regulate extends to private industries that affect the public interes -
Thomas Edison
- born February 11, 1847, Milan, Ohio, U.S.
- died October 18, 1931, West Orange, New Jersey -best-known inventions: -the phonograph (record player) -the lightbulb -the motion-picture projector.
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Haymarket Riot
-violent confrontation between police and labour protesters in Chicago
-became symbol of the international struggle for workers’ rights -
Interstate Commerce Act
- made railroads the first industry subject to Federal regulation
-
sherman antitrust act
first legislation enacted by U.S. Congress to curb concentrations of power that interfere with trade and reduce economic competition -
Mother Jones
-born May 1, 1830, Cork, Ire.
-died Nov. 30, 1930, Silver Spring, Md., U.S.
-labour organizer, widely known in United States
- agitator for union rights of coal miners and other workers
- one of the founders of the Social Democratic Party -
Homestead Strike
- violent labour dispute between Carnegie Steel Company and many workers
- Homestead, Pennsylvania
-
Eugene V. Debs
-labor organizer
-Socialist Party candidate for U.S. president five times between 1900 and 1920
- successful strike for higher wages against the Great Northern Railway -
Period: to
Pullman strike
- widespread railroad strike and boycott
- severely disrupted rail traffic in Midwest of US in June–July 1894
-President Grover Cleveland and Congress created national holiday ((Labor Day) as gesture toward American labour movement. -
Pullman Strike
-widespread railroad strike and boycott
-severely disrupted rail traffic in the Midwest of United States -
J.P. Morgan
-One of the most powerful bankers
-financed railroads
- helped organize U.S. Steel
-General Electric
-other major corporations -
Henry Ford
-American industrialist
-revolutionized factory production with assembly-line methods
- established ford motor company -
Wright Brothers
-American brothers, inventors, and aviation pioneers
-first powered, sustained, and controlled airplane flight
