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Industrial Revolution
During the second half of the XVIII century, the Industrial Revolution represented a Politic, economic, social, technological and environment changes.
The positive changes was the technological advances (like communication, transportation, agriculture), new jobs and product quality
The disadvantages were the harsh working condition, the social gap, children labour, underpayment, pollution and others -
Michael Thonet Born
The innovator deesigner Michael Thonet was born, he created the method to beanding wood -
Henrie Cole born
The English designer was born. He made a Reform of five steps because he was worried about the lack of quality of the designs during the Industrial Revolution, -
John Ruskin born
An England theorist, writer, art critic and reformer. He denounced the danger of the industrialization for the art. His work inspired William Morris to create the philosophy f the Arts and Craft Movemnt -
Cranbrook Academy
The Academy, with a high international standar, was founded by the baron and philanthropist George Gough Booth who then hired Eliel Saarinen and occupied the major position in the history of modern American design and architecture. Their inspiration was the art and crafts movement, hoping to influence the banish tasteless of mass-produced good. -
William Morris Born
Important artist and designer Leader of the Arts and Craft Movement -
The first method for curving solid beech wood was patented
Michael Thonet found a method to curve wood after 11 years of experiments.
The process divide in log sawing the wood, lathing, steaming, machining and packing the pieces.
5 hours are spend for steaming and 3 minutes for beanding -
Junta de Fomento de Artesanos and Escuela Teórico Práctica de Artistas
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Design Award
As part of the Henrie Cole Reform, this award gave reconnection to artists -
Journal of design
As part of the Henrie Cole Reform, the Journal of Design was focused to create diffusion and educate the good taste in designs -
Great Exhibition
As part of the Henrie Cole Reform, the Great Exhibition served as a show or display to exhibit the designs and art of other artists -
Victoria and Albert Museum
It started as a museum of manufacturers also as part of the Henrie Cole Reform to educate the people to taste and exhibit art. In 1899 was called Victoria and Albert Museum in memory of the Queen. -
Antonie Gaudi born
One of the most important Spanish architect -
Royal College of Art
Henrie Cole Reform -
Foundation of Thonet Brothers
Michael Thonet founded his company "Thonet Brothers" -
Escuela Industrial de artes y oficios de México and Escuela Nacional de artes y oficios para hombres
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Chair No 14
The chair no. 14 was invented by Michael Thonet. Revolutionary for that time, the chair had only 6 part, 6 screws this permitted to packing the parts and send it to others countries for later assemble the pieces. -
The Arts and Crafts Movement
The Arts and Crafts Movement was founded with William Morris as a leader. The purpose of the movement was to return to the well made and handcraft goods. It was totally against the machine production and reject the industrial capitalism.
The style followed hand made, simple forms, nature inspiration and use of cooper and pewter.
It was influenced by the medieval and Gothic style, the socialism, the orient art and the effects of the industrialization. -
Rene Lalique Born
Renowned French jeweller and a master glassmaker.
Consider as the inventor of modern jewellery, Lalique used as inspiration the female figure, flora and fauna and his designs were curvilinear, this contributed a lot to the art nouveau movement.
The materials he used were glass, horn, pearls, semi-precious stones, enamels, and ivory. He created statues, perfume bottles, fountains, jewellery and more -
Alphonse Mucha born
Alphonse Mucha was a Czech painter and decorative artist of the Art Nouveau movement. He painted posters, illustrations, and advertisements. He use pastel colors and in most of his works with young women in flowing vaguely Neoclassical -
Morris & Co.
William Morris founded "Morris & Co." -
Thonet expanded
Thonet expanded to cities like Bistritz, Nagy Ugrocz & Korischan -
Thonet patenet Expired
Everyone else could use the technology of Michel Thonet, like Jacob & Joseph Köhn did -
Peter Behrens
Important German architect and designer during the Art Nouveau Movement -
Charles Mackintosh
He was one of the most important architect and designer of the Art Nouveau in Scotland -
Josef Hoffmann Born
Important austrian arquitecure and designer -
Michael Thonet died
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Escuela de artes y oficios para mujeres
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Walter D Tague
Born in 1883, he studied art at Art Students League. In 1927 he worked with KODAK, and in 1939 he exposed in Thr Golden Gates. In 1950 he designed interiors of the Air Force Academy and in 1960 he died -
Sagrada Familia
Anthony Gaudi assumed bulding the Sagrada Familia in 1883, he proposed a monumental and innovative design. Unfortunaly Gaudí died before finished the project -
Art Nouveau movement
In the decade of 1890 the Art Nouveau movement flourished in Europe and America.
This movement did not follow a historical reference, but some of the representatives had a little influence of the XIXth century.
Depending on the geographical area the style varies
Glasgow: Linear bidimensional and symbolic
Brussels: Abstract structural-symbolic
Nancy: Floral and organic style
Vienna: Constructive and geometric concept -
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Norman Bel Geddes
Born in Michigan, one of the biggest streamlining designers. He dreamed with changing the American lifestyle, he opened an Industrial Design Studio in 1927 and wrote the book Horizons in 1932. -
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Raymond Loewy
Consider as the Father of the modern design, Raymond was born in Paris and in 1918 he finished his studies and move to the USA the following year. In 1940 he changed the Lucky Strike Cigarette package and in 1953 he also changed the design of the Coca Cola bottle. He had the idea that awful things do not sell, so he always created innovative and value designs. He founded the Stylin Movement that look for make products more attractive in order to sell it. He died in 1986 -
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Harold Van Donen
Born in Chicago At the age of 22 he graduated from Williams College and by 1931 he opened a scale company and two years later he began with the Airking Products. He appered in Fortune Magazine in 1934. In 1939 he intevened the wash machine to make it safer. He wrote a book of Industrial Design to teach how to be a designer by 1940. He died -
Palacio de Bellas Artes
Inspired by the Art nouveau from Europe, Adamo Boari the Italian architect, started building the Palacio de Bellas Artes in 1904 with the name of Teatro Nacional -
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Henry Dreyfoss
He had a lot of variety in his design, in 1929 he had his own design office. In 1933 he designed a new flat-top refrigerator and a washing machine. In 1949 he designed the 500 model telephone task. He wrote the book Designing for people in 1955 that helped with the measures for the designs and 5 years later he wrote the Measure of Man. He was the first President of The Industrial Designers Society of America in 1965. He died in 1972 -
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Russel Wright
He believed Good designs are for everyone. He studied law at Princeton University. He turned to furniture design by 1935. Three years later he designed the Elegant Organic American Dinnerware and in 1940 he designed American Modern Dinnerware but were did until 1961. His designs sold 250 million pieces in 20 years. He died in 1976 -
Expressionism
The Expressionism began in Germany and reflected the pessimistic and aggressive of the historic events of those days by distorting, exaggerating and manipulating the reality. Some of the representative characters are Franz Marc, Emil Nolde, and Edvard Munch. The materials used in the architecture were bricks, steel and glass -
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Eva Zeisel
She was born in Hungry. She designed unique and practical ceramic and porcelain pieces. In 1927 she opened the Industrial Design Studio. She exposed in The Porcelain table service in 1946. She died at the age of 105 -
Allgemaine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft
Peter Behrens started working as art director in the AEG. He was the first to have a corporate culture creating a logo and business communication materials in order to have a coherent design -
Deutsche Werkbund
It was the German Work Federation founded by Hermann Muthesius. It involves the industry and art and its objectives were to improve the work art with cooperation, education, and attitude. There was a clash of ideas between the Rationalization of Mathesius and the individuality of Van de Velde -
Deutsche Werkbund
The federation had 500 members -
Futurism
Filippo Tommaso publicated the Futurism manifesto that proclaimed the ideology and reflected the idea of the technology, vitality, energy, motion, dynamic, enthusiasm, fractions. Some of the biggest exponents are Giacomo Balla, Umberto Buccioni, Carlo Carrà, Antonio Sant'Elia. The style was focused to create dynamic and movement in painting, architecture, poetry, literature, sculpture, and music. It vanished in 1920 -
Palais Stoclet
The Palais Stoclet was built by the architecture Josef Hoffman in Brussels.It is consider as Hoffmann master piece and a total work of art because everything inside was desigend by Hoffmann. -
Deutsche Werkbund
The Federation had 2000 memebers -
Constructivism
The Russian constructivism started in 1917, it expressed modernity, geometricity, and dynamism by abolishing traditional art and focused more on creating objects but not in order, analyzing the materials and the form. Some artists are Vladimir Tatlin, Alexander Rodchenko, Kazimir Malevich, and Varvara Stepánova. It vanished in 1920´s -
Neoplasticism
The Dutches Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg started this style between 1917 and 1920. This clean style looks for a basic chromatism (Blak, white, Yellow, red and blue) and very geometrical and rectilinear forms to abstract the reality. It decline during 1931 -
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Bauhaus
Bauhaus was a school founded in 1919 in Weimar as a result of the effort to reform the art education in Germany, on years of hyperinflation, political instability, and extremism. Headed at first by Walter Gropius who was exhorting to return to the Crafts and avoid salon art and create a new guild of craftsmen. They involved the architecture, sculpture, and painting as a unity. It created big artists like Marcel Breuer, Marianne Brandt, Wilhelm Wagenfeld and Ludwing Mies -
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Bauhaus First period
The first period was lead by Walter Gropius, who was a big influence of expressionism, and the course was created by Itten. The headquarters was in Weimar. In 1923 László Moholy-Nagy, who had constructivism ideas replaced Itten.In 1924 they had to move because of lack of money -
Art Deco
The term Art Deco was considered after 1968 with the Bevis Hillier book´s Art Deco: the Style of the 1920s and 1930s. The style comprises since 1920, after the first world one and during the Great Depression (1929) and between the Russian Revolution and the Fascism. And it still influenced until 1950. -
Art Deco
Art Deco style was bold stark and had simple crisp lines. Envisioned a New World order, clean and uncluttered, yet refined and elegant. The inspiration was the Arabian and oriental garments, the tomb of Tutankhamon, primitive trends, pyramids and more. The vision was modern, embraced technology and symbolically referenced ancient civilizations of the past -
VKhuTEMAS
It was a Soviet school of art founded in 1920, the acronym means Higher State Artistic and Technical Workshop. They wanted to transform the traditional nation to a one more industrial. Their objectives were focused in the industry, community, constructivism and were more logical. The techniques it involved were painting, mosaic, and sculpture, graphic arts (that they used as propaganda), textile, ceramic, wood and metal. And the preliminary course was focused on color, space, graphic, and volume -
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Bauhaus Second period
The second period of the Bauhaus was located in Dessau and the first part of this period was still led by Gropius and then in 1927 by Hannes Meyer and in those days the school was more focused in the Neoplasticism. In 1930 the led changed -
Union des Artistes Modernes
The Union of Modern Artists was a movement founded in 1929 by modern artist that were disappointed with the ideology of the Societé des Artistes Décorateurs. It explored possibilities of new materials and techniques of the beginning of the century to apply them to the decorative arts from a modern and innovative vision -
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Bauhaus Third period
In 1930 Ludwing Miës Van Der Rohe was in led and the school attached to a Rationalism style. In 1932 they moved o Berlin because Dessau was invaded by Nazis. But finally, in September of 1933 the school had to close. Teachers and students had to run away, and installed in The United States where Moholy-Nagy founded The New Bauhaus: The Chicago Design Institute. -
Cleveland Institute of Art
The institute began when Sarah Kimball opened her home for just one student and one teacher. Soon began to be known and the prize-winning art and award-winning commercial designs helped to be known collectively and still know in this days. Their vision is "To advance culture, community and global quality of life" -
Alvar Aalto designed the Paimo Sanatorium chair
Born in 1898, he studied architecture at the Institute of Helsinki, in 1922 collaborated with Bjerke to design the Congress hall of the Goteborg World Fair and in 1932 started producing with bent birch wood and just one year later designed the Paimo Sanatorium chair. In 1938 did the Villa Mairera in Finland that mix the building, man and nature.
He died in 1976 -
The New Buhaus Chicago
Maholy founded the New Bauhaus in Chicago afeter run away from the Nazi invation in Europe -
Eero Saarinen
Born in 1910 in Finland, studied sculpture at the Academie de la Grande Chaumiere and two years later studied architecture at Yale. In 1936 started working in the USA and for 1938 he joined his father job. In 1940 Eero and Charles Eames won the contest Organic Design in Home Furniture -
Organic Design Contest
The Organic Design Contest was Placed in the Modern Art museum in New York. Charles Eames and Eero Saarin won the contset -
Italian Design
The Bel Design Italiano comprise from 1945 to 1965. After the wartime with the Marshall plan, Italy was conditioned so they started creating scooters and little cars. -
George Nelson founded his own Industrial Design Firm
Borne in 1908, studied Architecture at Yale University in 1924, in 1935 he became the editor of the magazine Architectural Forum. It was until 1947 when Nelson found his own Industrial Design Firm to then created the sheet ball clock, marshmallow sofa, the modular sofa system and more. He died in 1986 -
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Hochscule Für Gestaltong Phase 1
It was founded as an initiative in 1953 in memory of Hans and Sophie School Bauhaus students who were killed in 1943 by the regimen -
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was a Reconstruction Program after the World War II. Sixteen nations were included in the plan and the goals were stimulated industrial production, recovery the economy and restore the consumer confidence. -
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Hochschule für Gestaltung phase 2
In april first the school started working based in a degree program of 4 years. Max bill were named rector and with the collaboration of Johannes Itten and Josef Albs. -
Pop design
It emerged a decade after the WWII, it was based in Britain, America, and Italy. This movement rejected the idealism, elitism, and severity of Modernism, but instead, it celebrated and elevating the cheerful, cheap and expendable. The pop movement did a cultural shift from Modernism to Postmodernism. -
Dieter Rams
Gute form was an important icon for the German Functionalist design. He had 10 principles of good design. GOOD DESIGN IS..
1. Innovative
2.Useful
3.Aesthetic
4.Understandable
5. Discret
6.Honest
7.Long lasting
8.Thought down to the last detail
9.Environmental friendly
10.Good design is design in its minimum expression -
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Hochschule für Gestaltung phase 3
In this part, some scientific disciplines were incorporated like theory of algorithms, anthropology, experimental psychology and others. In 1957 Max bill resigned and Tomás Maldona took the place beccomin he new rector -
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Hochschule für Gestaltung phase 4
Maldonado was the new rector. Ergonomics were incorporated as well as mathematical, techniques, physics, physiology, semiotics, sociology and others. And in 1958 the HfG had their first exhibiton for all public -
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Design in Mexico
1959 Created the Escuela de Diseño Industrial UIA at the Ibero
1962 Was created the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes
1968 Propaganda for the Olympics Games in Mexico
1969 Design was introduced to UNAM
1970 Exposition with the work of Timo Sarpaneva and Tapio Wirkkosa
1971 Introduced courses of design Uag
1976 Design was introduced in UdG
The career of Design as many others was introduced in Mexico because the population were growing and more and different jobs would be need for the future -
counter-culture trend in design
The design started to become poetry, following an irrational method with a practical and contemplative function. Using plastic materials, being disposable, multifunctional, funny and ingenious. Turning into a Counter, Radical and anti design that reflected the attitude and social changes. Some of the representatives of this counter-culture were Gaetano Pesce, Ugo la Pietra, and Ettore Sottsass -
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Hochschule für Gestaltung phase 5 and 6
At this part the school became very rational design, their students created designs very practical, useful and with the less possible material. But in 1968 the Parlament of Baden-Württemberg decided to close the school because conflicts with the students and the HfG financial situation -
VAM
Vehicles Automotores Mexicanos was the firm of Mexican cars fabricated the car Lerma, but only for the period of 2 years, from 1981 to 1983 -
Pratt Institute
The institute was founded by Charles Pratt, who wanted to create a school where artists learn the skills needed to make a living. At the beginning, there were just with 12 alums and a year later there were 1500 just students. Part of their vision, still in this days, "is to educate artists and creative professionals to be responsible contributors to society."
