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Events in Canadian History
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War of 1812
In 1812 the USA tried to complete their manifest destiny by attacking Canada with the hope of taking control. They started their attack off the Atlantic coast of Canada. The attack greatly impacted Canada as it created a fear of American manifest destiny which was present late into the 1900's. It also was a major reason that Canada pushed for confederation in order to gain an army to defend against the Americans. -
Hudson Bay co. and Northwest Company Merge
The HBC and NWC merged in 1821 as both were beginning to fail in the fur trading business due to over expansion and too much competition between the companies. The merge also happened due to increasing tension between native tribes and Lord Selkirk over the Selkirk treaty. The result from the merge was temporary as it really only boosted the companies profits for a short time before the fur trade came to an end. The merger also laid ground work for the union of Canada. -
Canada Join Confederation
After many different conferences and countless hours of argument and compromise on July 1st 1867 Canada became a confederation and the East divided into four provinces; Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Confederation had the greatest impact on Canada as it symbolized Canada beginning to break it ties from Britain and become its own country. Confederation also resulted in responsible government and the ability for Canada to set its own trade policy. -
The Red River Rebellion.
The Red River Rebellion or RRR began with tensions created in 1814 during the pemmican proclamation. At the time many settlers were trying to move into the Red River area which belonged to the Metis people. Tension grew for many years and several small conflicts occurred but the official rebellion started in 1869 when Louis Riel and his Metis army attacked Fort Gary. The result of the RRR was the creation of the province of Manitoba. -
Rupert's Land is Transfered to Canadian Government
Rupert's land was owned by the HBC and NWC at the time of its transfer, the land stretched from the Canadian shield to the west of the Rocky mountains. The HBC was given 1.5 million dollars and a large section of prime prairie farming land for Rupert's land. The transfer resulted in the HBC losing their fur trading monopoly and the Canadian government gained the right to start expansion into Canada's west. -
The Creation of the Province of Manitoba
The province of Manitoba was created as a result of the Red River Rebellion and associated conflicts. The result of the creation of Manitoba was an ending to the ever lasting conflict with the Metis and Louis Riel and the further expansion of Canada into the west. -
Pacific Scandal
The Pacific Scandal was between John A. Macdonald and Sir Hugh Allen where Macdonald received illicit funding from Allen in order to fund his election and in exchange Allen was promised the contract to build the CPR. The discovery of the Scandal resulted in the resignation of Macdonald and his government for a brief period of time. -
The National Policy
The national policy was created by John A. Macdonald and consisted of three major points; Protective tariffs to protect the Canadian economy from American dumping. The CPR was the second part of the policy as it was designed to fund and complete the rail line. The final part of the policy was to increase immigration into the Canadian west with the help of advertising. The result of the policy was the completion of the CPR and an eventual increase in immigration to the Canadian west. -
Completion of the CPR
The Canadian Pacific Railway was a transcontinental railway that had only been a dream for many years after the confederation of Canada. The rail line was completed five years ahead of schedule in 1885 and was the only railway in Canada that went from East to West coast. The finishing of the railway resulted in a new era of rail transportation and brought the intrest of several more rail lines into Canada. -
Louie Riel's Execution
After the Northwest Rebellion in 1885 Louis Riel was captured and ultimately after being tried in a very controversial trial, he was hung on the 16 of November in 1885. The results from the execution were both positive and negative. The positive came from Ontario where he was seen as a radical leader who needed to be killed and the negative came from Quebec where he was seen as a French hero. The execution angered the french enough to have them never vote for Macdonald or his government again. -
Clifford Sifton's Open Door Policy
In 1890 under the guide of PM Wilford Laurier, Clifford Sifton created the Open Door immigration policy which allowed anyone and everyone to come and immigrate to Canada's "Last Best West" where they would receive a free 160 acres of land. The policy created controversy as many believed Canada was becoming the dumping grounds for other country's poor but it also greatly increased the development and population of Canada's west. -
Alaska Boundary Dispute
The Alaska Boundary dispute in 1903 was caused by a dispute between Canadian and American claims on the boundary between BC and Alaska. The conflict was solved by aberration in 1903 and the council consisted of 3 Americans, 2 Canadians and 1 British. The British sided with the Americans and their slightly modified claim was used as the boundary. The result was that millions of kilometers of BC's coast was now cut off from the water and unable to have ships come through without entering America. -
Vancouver Riots
The Vancouver riots were a result of increased tension between white and Asian workers. On September 7th white men began to riot in Chinatown; many went around breaking windows and burning buildings. The Chinese community fought back and several people were injured in the riots. After the riot, the Canadian government paid for any damage to Chinese property. The results of the riot was a further increase in tension between the two cultures and further segregation ensued. -
World War I
The first world war was caused by a power hungry Germany who had a very similar idea to the Americans involving manifest destiny and Germany was hell bent on taking over all of Western Europe. The impact from the war was beneficial and negative. The benefit was that Canada gained quite a stand in the worlds social ranking and were now viewed as a much more powerful country. The negative impact was the horrific cost both economically and personally to Canada and the families of the fallen. -
Women Gain the Right to Vote
In 1918 for the first time ever women were allowed to vote in federal and provincial elections. This right was limited to only white women at the time but soon after native and immigrant women were allowed to vote as well. The result from women being given the right to vote was entirely positive. It gave Canadian women a new power in Canada, it created more equality within the country and finally the best benefit was more balanced elections.
