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Industrial Revolution
It was a technological and scientific progress period that transformed economies and societies from agrarian to industrial. -
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Opium War
Fought between China and Britain, in response to Britain's illegal importing of opium into China from India, causing widespread addiction. The resulting defeat at the hands of the British led to the Treaty of Nanjing, which ceded Hong Kong to the British. -
Treaty of Nanjing
To end the First Opium War between China and Great Britain. The treaty had several consequences, including:
-Cession of Hong Kong:
-Treaty ports
-Indemnity
-Tariff
-Trade liberalization -
Suez Canal Construction
The Suez Canal is a human-made waterway that cuts north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt. It connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, making it the shortest maritime route to Asia from Europe. Since its completion in 1869, it has become one of the world's most heavily used shipping lanes. -
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Meiji Restoration
The Meiji Restoration took place on January 3, 1868. This date marks the day when a coup d'état in Kyoto ousted the Tokugawa shogunate and restored power to the Emperor, ushering in a period of rapid modernization in Japan. -
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Scramble for Africa
Thirteen European countries and the United States met in Berlin to agree on the rules of African colonization. From 1884 to 1914 the continent was in conflict as these countries took territory and power from existing African states and peoples. -
Berlin Conference
Otto von Bismarck created the Berlin Conference to settle disputes between the European powers with interests in Africa to create pseudo borders of ownership, allowing various European nations to claim almost the entire continent, including its resources and people. -
Fashoda Incident
The Fashoda Incident, a tense standoff between British and French forces over territory in Sudan, on September 18th when British forces under Kitchener arrived at Fashoda, already occupied by a French expedition led by Marchand; ultimately, France backed down and withdrew, preventing a potential war between the two nations. -
Boer War
The Boer War, fought between the British Empire and the Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State in South Africa, took place from 1899 to 1902. This conflict was primarily caused by tensions over British imperialism and the discovery of gold and diamonds in Boer territories, ultimately ending with a British victory after a protracted guerrilla war. -
Russo-Japanese War
Military conflict in which a victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in East Asia, thereby becoming the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European power.