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Beginning of Opium wars
The First Opium War began when China sought to suppress the opium trade, leading to conflict with Britain after Chinese officials destroyed large opium stocks. The war which ended in 1842 -
Unification of Germany
The unification of Germany was led by Otto von Bismarck. It was achieved through a series of wars and diplomatic efforts. -
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I Boer war
The First Boer War was fought between the British Empire and the Boer settlers of the Transvaal. The Boers, looking for independence after British, successfully resisting the British forces. -
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Berlin Conference
The Berlin Conference was organized by European powers. It divided the continent among European nations without asking African leaders, impacting Africa's future. -
Beginning of colonization of Belgian Congo
The colonization began when King Leopold II of Belgium established personal control over the territory, claiming it as his private property. Under his rule, the Congo Free State became infamous for severe exploitation and human rights abuses. -
Wilhelm II crowned as Kaiser
Wilhelm II was crowned as Kaiser of Germany, following the death of his father. His reign marked a shift in German foreign policy, emphasizing militarism and imperialism, which contributed to ultimately the outbreak of World War I. -
Fashoda Affair
It was a colonial standoff between Britain and France in the Sudanese town of Fashoda. Both nations wanted control over the region. However, diplomacy prevailed, with France ultimately backing down. -
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Boxer rebellion
It was an anti-foreign, anti-Christian uprising in China, led by the secret society known as the "Boxers." The rebellion ended with the defeat of the Boxers and further control over China. -
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Agadir crisis
When Germany dispatched a gunboat to the Moroccan port of Agadir challenging the French. The crisis was resolved diplomatically, with Germany recognizing French control over Morocco in exchange for territorial concessions in Africa. -
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I Balkan War
It was fought between Serbia, Montenegro, Greece, and Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. The war aimed to seize territory from the weakening Ottoman Empire and resulted in significant territorial gains for the Balkan states. -
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II Balkan war
It happened after the First Balkan War, primarily over territorial disputes among the former allies. Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share, attacked Serbia and Greece, leading to a coalition of Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, and Romania against Bulgaria. -
Beginning of WW1
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo. Tensions escalated as Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, leading to a complex web of alliances involving major powers. By August, countries like Germany, Russia, France, and Britain were drawn into the conflict.