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The Chinese tried to stop the smuggling of Opium from British. The British easily defeated them.
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American Matthew C. Perry sailed to Japan to open trade between the two countries. The Treaty of Kanagawa was a trade agreement.
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Egyptian ruler Isma'il wanted to modernize Egypt. To do so, they built the Suez Canal which connected the Red Sea and the Mediterranean.
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Henry Morton Stanley went on an exploration to find David Livingstone, who was on his own exploration in Africa
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After the British East India Company took control of India and fought off Indian rebellion, Queen Victoria was proclaimed the Empress of India.
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War between the British and Boers (Dutch) over southern Africa. There were many diamonds and gold which were claimed by the Boers.
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US created it to open Chinese trade to all nations.
