-
1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
the sun is in the middle of the solar system.
the Earth, spinning on its axis once daily.
and created the he heliocentric theory. -
Francis Bacon
devised a method whereby scientists set up experiments to manipulate nature
attempt to prove their hypotheses wrong.
created the Scientific Method, also known as the Bacon Method. -
Galileo Galilei
pioneered the experimental scientific method
he first used a refracting telescope to make important astronomical discoveries.
his studies of the motions of objects. -
Rene Descartes
he was able to transform geometrical problems into algebra
he established the x and y-axis in his algebraic drawings.
The modern notation for exponents was also a Rene Descartes innovation. -
Isaac Newton
invented calculus
his most significant work had to do with forces
specifically with the development of a universal law of gravitation and his laws of motion. -
john Locke
John Locke stopped religious toleration. and his commitment to a law of nature, a natural moral law that underpins the rightness or wrongness of all human conduct, and, second, his subscription to the empiricist principle that all knowledge, including moral knowledge, is derived from experience and therefore -
John Locke
Of these probably the two most important were, first, his commitment to a law of nature, a natural moral law that underpins the rightness or wrongness of all human conduct, and, second, his subscription to the empiricist principle that all knowledge, including moral knowledge, is derived from experience and therefore -
Montesquieu
In it, Montesquieu pleaded in favor of a constitutional system of government and the separation of powers, the ending of slavery, the preservation of civil liberties and the law, and the idea that political institutions ought to reflect the social and geographical aspects of each community. -
Denis Diderot
Diderot's major work is l'Encyclopédie, which still is a monument of the French Enlightenment, representing the standard of scholarly knowledge of its time and the spirit of rationalism that pervaded 18th century thought. -
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Thus, three stages described by Rousseau, are investigated: (a) the state of nature, where man is free and independent, (b) society, in which man is oppressed and dependent on others, and (c) the state under the Social Contract, in which, ironically, man becomes free through obligation; he is only independent through -
Voltaire
Voltaire was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher, who attacked the Catholic Church and advocated freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state. -
James watt
James Watt was a Scottish engineer, inventor, and chemist. He was one of the most important contributors to the Industrial Revolution. He is best known for making major improvements to the steam engine. For James Watt's contribution to industry efficiency, the watt (W) was named after him. -
Adam Smith
Smith was a strong advocate for individual freedom, free-market economics, competition, and capitalism -
George Washington
George Washington
For five years, Washington served as the head of the army as the Revolutionary War against the British raged. The British finally surrendered in 1781 at Yorktown, Virginia. Washington was now a hero, seen as an important person who helped the colonies finally gain independence from Great Britain. -
Thomas Jefferson
Drafting the Declaration of Independence. ...
Serving as the third President of the United States. ...
Louisiana Purchase. ...
Lewis and Clark Expedition. ...
Founding the University of Virginia. ...
Writing the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. ...
Promoting agrarianism. -
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
olfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–91) was an Austrian composer. Mozart composed music in several genres, including opera and symphony. His most famous compositions included the motet Exsultate, Jubilate, K 165 (1773), the operas The Marriage of Figaro (1786) and Don Giovanni (1787), and the Jupiter Symphony (1788 -
Maximillien Robespierre
he encouraged the people to rise up in insurrection over military defeats and a food shortage. -
Miguel Hidalgo
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was a Mexican Roman Catholic priest who is celebrated as "the father of Mexican independence" for his role in the War of Independence that ended Spanish colonial rule in Mexico. -
Simon Bolivar
Simón Bolívar penned two political treatises—the Manifiesto de Cartagena (“Cartagena Manifesto”) and the Carta de Jamaica (“Letter from Jamaica”)—encouraging the people of South America to rebel against Spanish colonial rule.