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The passing of jim crow laws
The Jim Crow laws were racial segregation laws enacted between 1876 and 1965 in the United States at the state and local level. During the Reconstruction period of 1865–1877, federal law provided civil rights protection in the U.S. South for freedmen. In the 1870s, Democrats gradually regained power in the Southern legislatures, having used insurgent paramilitary groups, such as the White League and Red Shirts, to disrupt Republican organizing, run Republican officeholders out of town. -
The stolen generation
The Stolen Generations were the children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent who were removed from their families by the Australian Federal and State government agencies and church missions, under acts of their parliaments and laws. -
The day of Mourning
A national day of mourning is a day marked by mourning and memorial activities observed among the majority of a country's population. They are assigned by that nation's government. It was a day to remember and will go down in history as the 1938 day of mourning -
Rosa Parks, the Montgomery bus boycott & the freedom ride
Rosa Parks was coming home from work on a crowded bus. A white passenger boarded and she was ordered to give up hers so she could sit down (as per segregation law). Once she had refused she was arrested and convicted of violating segregation laws. This action had sparked local civil rights activists to initiate a boycott on the Montgomery bus system. Rosa Parkes’ act was not premeditated, she believed in justice and equality for the African Americans. -
Little rock High School
Little Rock Nine were a group of African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering theracially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. They then attended after the intervention ofPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower. -
Brown vs Board education desicion
Brown vs Board of Education was a group of five legal appeals that challenged the "separate but equal" basis for racial segregation in public schools in Kansas, Virginia , Delaware, South Carolina, and the District of Columbia. -
Civil rights in Australia- Voting
From the late 1950s, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal activists came together to campaign for equal civil rights for Indigenous Australians, and to bring about the repeal of laws which deprived Indigenous Australians of civil liberties. On 29 April 1957 a petition was launched for a referendum to make Aboriginal affairs a federal responsibility by the Aboriginal-Australian Fellowship at Sydney Town Hall. Other civil rights campaigns in the 1960s included the campaign for social service benefits. -
Martin luther's speech "i have a Dream"
Martin Luther King’s “I have a dream” has got to be one of the most influential and memorable speech of all time. In simple terms, it was a political and civil rights protest against the prejudice and racial oppression of the coloured. It had marked the end of abuse against the coloured and the start of shared humanity. -
The civil rights movement
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 enacted July 2 is a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, colour, religion, sex, or national origin. He asked for legislation "giving all Americans the right to be served in facilities which are open to the public—hotels, restaurants, theatres, retail stores, and similar establishments", as well as "greater protection for the right to vote". -
Charles perkins and the freedom ride
In February 1965 a group of University of Sydney students organised a bus tour of western and coastal New South Wales towns. Their purpose was threefold. The students planned to draw public attention to the poor state of Aboriginal health, education and housing. In the towns Aboriginal people were routinely barred from clubs, swimming pools and cafes. The Freedom Ride through New South Wales towns and the publicity it gained raised consciousness of racial discrimination in Australia. -
Assasination of Martin Luther King
Martin Luther died April 4, 1968, Memphis, Tennesse. He was hit with a sniper bullet which had entered his right cheek and travel through his neck, finally stopping at his shoulder blade. The incident occurred at 6:01 and after being rushed to hospital, was pronounced dead at 7:05. As news of his assassination got out blacks expressed outrage of the murder by taking to the streets and rioting. After the FBI had investigated the crime they found James Earl Ray to be fully responsible. -
Land rights and the Mabo Desicion
After the gains of the 1960s and 1970s, the 1980s saw a gradual withdrawal away from Indigenous land rights. This changed again in 1992 with the High Court judgement on the land mark Mabo case. Eddie Mabo was an Indigenous inhabitant of the Murray Islands in the Torres Strait. The Mabo decision ended forever the idea of terra nullius in relation to Australia, when it recognised the Meriam people as the owners of the Murray Islands. -
The Apology
John Howard had made the decision to reject making an apology to the aboriginals of Australia stating that “people of this generation should not be required to accept guilt and blame for past actions and policies over which they had no control”. The point was argued that practical reconciliation was a more important mean of addressing the blemished history of Australia. The apology, made by Kevin Rudd on the 13th of February 2008 he had made on the second way of sitting in parliament.
