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Behaviourist/Structurist Call
Computer-Assisted Language Learning sayings in the Language Learning area started to be used in the beginning of the 1950's (Rahimi & Pourshahbaz, 2019). "It can be defined as a research field that explores the use of computational methods and techniques as well as new media for language learning and teaching." (Rahimi & Pourshahbaz, 2019, p. 3) With the growth of mainframe computers and the programs that belonged to them, the earliest generation of CALL appeared. (Rahimi & Pourshahbaz, 2019) -
Behaviourist/Structurist Call
Behaviorism underpinnings giving it value; this generation is called drill & practice CALL. PLATO (programmed logic for automated teaching operations) was the most famous system of this generation (Rahimi & Pourshahbaz, 2019). -
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Behaviourist/Structurist Call
"Behaviorist CALL emerged as a result of the application of the principles of behaviorism in mainstream education in 1960s to 1970s (Ahmad, Corbett, Rogers, & Sussex, 1985). Based on this view, language teaching/learning was regarded as a type of conditioning and getting students to produce a series of responses in reaction to particular stimuli (i.e., stimulus/response theory)." (Rahimi & Pourshahbaz, 2019, p. 5) -
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Communicative Call
In the 1980s, the language teaching and learning field had a revolution, and its outcome was Communicative CALL, also known as the second generation of CALL. Having the principles of functionalism in language education, Communicative CALL also had an underlying psychological framework of cognitive psychology (Rahimi & Pourshahbaz, 2019). -
Integrative Call
Thanks to two important technological developments that came into the spotlight in the 1990s, the third generation of CALL, also known as Integrative CALL, was born. Thoughts of constructivism and sociocultural theory exist in this new approach (Rahimi & Pourshahbaz, 2019). -
Integrative Call
"The second technological advancement that had a great role in the development of Integrative CALL is World Wide Web (the Web, or simply the Internet) defined as an international online database that allows the sharing of linked multimedia documents." (Rahimi & Pourshahbaz, 2019, p. 11) Individualized writing moved on to collaborative writing because of the studies on the performance of writing instruction in the twenty first century. (Rahimi & Pourshahbaz, 2019) -
References
Rahimi, M., & Pourshahbaz, S. (2019). English as a foreign language teachers’ TPACK: Emerging research and opportunities. IGI Global.