History Timeline project

Homo Sapiens

20,000 BCE

As Homo erectus, the upright- walking man, made Australopithecus, the southern ape, fade, Homo sapiens, the consciously thinking human, made Homo erectus fade. Homo sapiens used developed tools such as knives, spears, bows and arrows. Also, they had evolved language ability proven by the physical appearance of their mouth and throat structure - a throat with vocal cords and separate mouth cavity with a tongue.

Paleolithic settlements: Natufian Culture

13,500 BCE

The natufian society which is in the Eastern Mediterranean is well known as the most prominent paleolithic settlers. They abandoned the nomadic lifestyle and established settlements in a region with rich food resources. The natufians collected wild wheat and took animals

Neolithic Era

12,000 BCE

Neolithic Era, meaning the refinement in tool-making technique and the early stages of agricultural society, was enabled through a climate change that created a warmer weather, adequate for the growth of plants. Slash and burn method was the first cultivation method in this era.

Paleolithic settlements: Jomon society

10,000 BCE

Jomon society, in the central japan, abandoned the nomadic lifestyle and established settlements in regions of fertile food resources. The Jomon settlers harvested wild buckwheat and developed a productive fishing economy.

Early agricultural society: Jericho

8000 BCE

Jericho, a neolithic village in present-day Israel, is one of the earliest known village. The people in Jericho farmed mostly wheat and barley with the help of an oasis but had no domesticated animals - they hunted for meat. They were engaged in limited amount of trade with salt and obsidian.

Catal Huyuk

7250 BCE

Catal Huyuk, located in the south central anatolia, grew from a small neolithic village to a town that accommodates about five thousand inhabitants. Because of this massive population in the town, surplus amount of food were made which enabled some individuals to be specialized in other works.(Job specialization) Because of the obsidian deposit nearby the town, Catak huyuk engaged a lot in trades and probably was the center of trade.

Sumerians

6000 BCE

Sumerians, who lived in the southern half of Mesopotamia, built the world's first cities after absorbing the Semitic people who came from Arabian and Syrian deserts. With the massive population, Sumerians formed city-states and this city-states formed their own monarchs which led to internal fights. Even though there were attempts to establish order by building an empire, Mesopotamia falls under control of powerful regional empires.

Yangshau society

5000 BCE

The Yangshao society is a neolithic village in the middle region of the Yellow River valley in china. This society benefited from the rich loess compound in the Yellow river which enabled fertile cultivation. Also, this society shows early development of pottery and architecture. the Yangshao society is well known for the entire village found in Banpo.

Mesopotamia

4000 BCE

Mesopotamia is the land between Tigris and Euphrates. This land, as the foundation of Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, was a land of unpredictable flood and alluvial soil. The unpredictable flood at one hand created the alluvial soil since there weren’t enough rain, but in the other hand harmed farms and people.

Egypt: Archaic Period

3100 BCE

In the Archaic period, the upper and lower Egypt was unified. After this unification, the Egyptians established a centralized state ruled by a pharaoh, a god living in earth. Also, they fought with Nubians, the people living in the third cataract of the nile river, and destroied the north of nubia.

Indo-Europeans migration

3000 BCE

The migrations of Indo-Europeans were from the steppes of Ukraine and southern russia. As geographical advancements of living in a steppe, the Indo-European people were able to study horses and come to a point of riding the horses, that by far were the fasted transportation and great weapons. By this migration, the world learned horse riding techniques(war chariots) and iron metallurgy.

Paleolithic settlements: Chinook society

3000 BCE

The Chinook society, in the Pacific northwester region of north america, abandoned the nomadic lifestyle and established settlements in regions of fertile food resources. Their diet was primarily based of wild berries, acorns and salmon.

Egypt : the old kingdom

2660 BCE

In the old kingdom of Egypt, there were massive construction of pyramids and monuments. Also, by this time, the south of nubia established a kingdom called "Kush" and the Egyptians formed peace, political alliance, trade relationship with the Kush.

Harappan society

2600 BCE

The harappan society is named after Harappa, one of the chief cities of indus-valley civilization. The other chief city was Mohenjo-daro which had indoor plumbing systems and influenced all parts of Harappan society with Harappa. This society entirely decline by 1500 B.C.E due to ecological degradation.

The kingdom of Kush

2500 BCE

Although northern Nubia was conquered by the Egyptians, the southern Nubians created a kingdom called Kush. The kingdom gets dominated by Egypt in the Egyptian New Kingdom but by the point when the Egyptian politics and military declined, the Kush pushed the Egyptians out of nubia(1100 B.C.E). By 760 B.C.E, king Kahta of Kush conquered Thebes, and by the mid-seventh B.C.E they went up conquering Egypt.

Establishment of Akkadian empire in Mesopotamia

2370 BCE

As Mesopotamia fell under the control of powerful regional empires, Akkadians of northern Mesopotamia started to take over the sumerians. From a city Akkad, located along the western bank of the Euphrates, Sargon of Akkad started as a minister of the king of kish and gained power through a coup. He conquered the sumerian city-states and established an empire in Mesopotamia.

Babylonian dominance in Mesopotamia

2350 BCE

As on of the powerful regional empire, the Babylonians of northern Mesopotamia started to take over the Sumerians. After the Akkadian empire collapse, the Babylonians established Babylonian empire which later creates the famous Hammurabi code and collapses by the Hittite assault.

Xia dynasty

2200 BCE

Although studies of Xia dynasty is in early stage, the Xia dynasty is suggested to be one of the first to put effort in organizing public life in China. the Xia dynasty may have established hereditary monarchy by controlling the leaders of the individual villages.

Hebrews

2000 BCE

The Hebrews were pastoral nomads who settled in the land between Mesopotamia and Egypt. They migrated into different places. One group of Hebrews migrated to northern mesopotamia and another group of Hebrews migrated to Egypt.

Bantu migration

2000 BCE

The Bantus, originated from the Niger-Congo area, had a special migrating pattern. As they Learned by agriculture lifestyle, when the population was uncomfortably big or food ran out people separated from the settled group and migrated to another place. Also, by the use of canoe and iron tools they were able to migrate faster through the rivers and farm easier.

Assyrian Empire

1900 BCE

Assyrian Empire came to power after the Babylonians, as they possessed a powerful army with iron weapons and chariots borrowed from the Hittites. This empire was able to establish a powerful army by hiring soldiers in merits and forming a special military system. Later on, this empire influenced a large territory, from Mesopotamia to the Nile River.

Shang dynasty

1766 BCE

The Shang dynasty mass produced bronze from the government and ruled over most of the Yellow river through their superior power over other villages and prohibited other productions of bronze to prevent revels. Then, the Shang government, after conquering the villages, gathered portions from the villages agricultural harvests. Also, there were tombs for kings built in the Shang dynasty.

Hyksos: Attack on Egypt

1674 BCE

The Hyksos, whom egyptians called "foreign ruler", are the horse riding nomads who conquered memphis and partly introduces bronze weaponry and horse technology, they learned from the Hittites and Mesopotamians, to Egypt. Egyptians adopted these technologies and pushed the Hyksos out of the Nile.

Hittite assault on Babylonian empire

1595 BCE

Even though Babylonian empire had impressive law code preventing internal conflicts, their wealth attracted an invader. This invader was the indo-european speaking Hittites who have established a powerful empire in Anatolia.
This event introduced war chariots to the close people.

Egypt: the new kingdom

1550 BCE

By adopting the horse technique and bronze weaponry from the Hyksos, Egyptians were able to push the hyksos out of the Nile and establish a powerful state known as the New Kingdom. In the New Kingdom, Egyptians expanded their territory to eastern Mediterranean and north Africa, and they dominated nubia.

Phoenicians

1500 BCE

Phoenicians are the eastern Mediterranean people in present day Lebanon. These people, because of the geography that disabled then to establish large farms, developed trading skills to survive. They are well known to be the master merchants of the Mediterranean and the first alphabets.

Aryan migration

1500 BCE

As some of the most prominent Indo-European migration, the Aryans came to settle in punjab during the Vedic age. The Aryans, as they learned iron technologies, established agricultural settlements and were able to support larger communities. The Aryans are well known for their Vedas and their Religion.

Hebrews: Migration to palestine

1300 BCE

The migration to palestine refers to the branch of Hebrews in Egypt. Under the lead of Moses, these people, organized into 12 groups called israelites, created their territory in Palestine. This branch of hebrews later divide to Judah and Israel and establish the first Monotheistic religion< believing in Yahweh.

The Olmecs

1200 BCE

The olmecs are the Mesoamerican people specifically in present day Mexico. They are called the Rubber people because of the abundant amount of rubber trees in the region. The olmecs had little number of domesticated animals and no big animals to domesticate which cause them to have low consumption of meat and more labor.

Zhou dynasty

1122 BCE

The Zhou dynasty is the dynasty after the Shang that came to power by overthrowing the shang government. In the last period of shang, the king was corrupted that the shang allies face away from the Shang and came to the Zhou, and with the help of these new allies, the Zhou dynasty was able to capture the capital and replace the governor. As the Zhou government came in place, they presented mandate of heaven as the excuse that the Zhou government had to justify their assault.

Assyrian conquest on kingdom of Israel

722 BCE

Assyrian empire, with their powerful army and weapon, conquered over Israel and the Assyrian empire also exiled the Israelites. This Israelites blended into other communities and lost their identities as Israelites.

New Babylonian dominance of Mesopotamia

600 BCE

The new Babylonian empire, which last for 50years, dominated mesopotamia under the reign of king nebuchadnezzar. However, with the advanced weapons and experiences of the people beyond mesopotamia led to the decline of the new Babylonian empire by assaults.

New Babylonian conquest on kingdom of Judah

586 BCE

As the new Babylonians took over the Assyrian empire,the new Babylonian empire conquered over the kingdom of judah and exiled the Israelites, however, different from the Assyrian exile, the Israelites of judah maintained their religious identity. This event is known to strengthen the belief of the Israelites of Judah who later become known as Jews.