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Period: 1400 to
RENAISSANCE
-Marked the transition from the Middle Ages to Modernity.- Characterized by the effort of revive and surpass the classical antiquity.
- Started in the Republic of Florence then spreaded to the rest of Italy and finally Europe.
- Great social changes in: Art, Architecture, Politics, Literature, Exploration and Science.
Who each one one of them did one thing that helped humanity to progress. -
1420
Florence Cathedral's Dome
The Cathedral of Saint Mary the Flower, was comenced in 1296 and ended in 1436.
It is one of Italy biggest churches and its dome built in 15th century was the biggest one ever bulit in Western Europe. But later losing the spot to St. Peter Basilica, it stills remains the biggest
ever dome constructed with bricks. -
1480
Pietá
It is a sculpture made by Miguel Ángelo in which we can see Saint Mary holding the dead body of Jesus, this sculpture represents the devotion of Saint Mary as a mother to Jesus. -
1509
School of Athens
Made by the artist Raphael, it was a commission from the Pope Julius II to decorate the rooms now called the Stanze di Raffaello in the Apostolic Palace in Vatican City.
In this painting made from 1509 to 1511 it features some of the most brilliant minds ever such as: Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Pythagoras, Archimedes, Heraclitus, Averroes, Zarathustra, Leonardo Da vinci and Michelangelo.
This paiting uses the characteristics of Reinassance art, like the perspective projection. -
Period: 1520 to 1519
Revolt of the Comuneros in Castilla
This happened during the reign of Carlos I, it was an armed revolt protagonized by the Interior comunities of the central plateu, commanding this revolt were the provinces of Segovia, Toledo and Valladolid. It was one of the first bourgeois revolts in the Modern Age
This revolt happened because Carlos I proclaimed himself king after the death of Isabel la Católica, and he went to the cortes of Valladolid without knowing any Spanish and with a high amount of nobles, something high elite disliked. -
Period: 1568 to 1571
Rebelión of the Alpujarras
Happened during the reign of Felipe II, in Granada. The high amount of moriscos, raised arms in a revolt in protest against the "Pragmática Sanación from 1567" which limited their cultural liberties.
The crown won and decided to deport the moriscos and the population of them descended drastically.
They were multiples death from both bands, but the moriscos recieved the worst part since most them were sold as slaves. -
Period: 1568 to
Eighty Years War
In this war the Spanish Empire fighted the Seventeen Provinces (Netherlands) that were under the reing of Felipe II, the reason of this war was from the Seventeen Nations to gain independece from the Spanish empire. The result of this war was the independece of the provinces. This war resulted in a loss of presitige from the Spanish crown. -
Defeat of The Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada, commanded by Duke of Medina Sedonia sailed to England to join the Duke of Parma and Attack England to overthrown Queen Elizabeth I. The English with the help of the Dutch, attacked Spanish Armada with better ships that Spanish galleons could not defend.
They managed to escape but later were attacked at night, they suffered multiple losses. The main reason of this defeat was the lack of naval power. -
Period: to
Baroque art
Western style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and multiple more.
It was encouraged by the Catholic Church to counter the simplicity and austerity of Protestant architecture, art, and music.
The Baroque style used contrast, movement, exuberant detail, deep color, grandeur, and surprise to achieve a sense of awe,
Started in Rome and then spreaded to the rest of Europe.
Some artists were: Caravaggio, Nicholas Poussin, Diego Velázquez, Gian Lorenzo Bernini... -
Apollo and Daphne
Made by Bernini.
Based of the myth of Apollo and Daphne, in which both made fun of Eros (Cupid) and him in revenge throwed the arrow of love at Apollo and the one of silver (cotrary effect) at Daphne. Apollo runned after Daphne because he was in love and Daphne managed to get to the river when he asked for help and her parents turned her into a Laurel slowly but steady. Apollo hugged Daphne saying she would be her tree in which the green leafs would crown the head of people in sign of victory. -
Saint Peter's Square Project
A large plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the papal enclave in Rome, directly west of the neighborhood of Borgo.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed the square almost 100 years later the Basilica was built.
Made so that the greatest number of people could see the Pope give his blessing, either from the middle of the façade of the church or from a window in the Vatican Palace. -
The Spinners
Made by Diego Velázquez.
People have accepted that it is based on Ovid's Fable of Arachne, the story of the mortal Arachne who dared to challenge the goddess Athena to a weaving competition and, on winning the contest, was turned into a spider by the jealous goddess.
Painted for Don Pedro de Arce, huntsman to King Philip IV. It entered the Spanish royal collection in the 18th century. -
Period: to
Neoclassical Art
Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that inspirated from the art and culture of classical antiquity.
Born in Rome, largely due to the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann.
Neoclassical architecture is based on the principles of simplicity and symmetry, which were seen as virtues of the arts of Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece.
Some are: Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, Anton Raphael Mengs... -
Oath of the Horatali
Jacques-Louis David painted it in 1784 and 1785 and now on display in the Louvre in Paris.
Based on a Roman legend of a dispute between two cities Rome and Alba Longa
Shows the importance of patriotism and masculine self-sacrifice for one's country. To end this fight romans sent the Horatii brothers and the other city the Curiatii brothers. We can see how the father holds Swords for his sons, and in the botton we can see her sister criying who is also sister of the other brothers. -
Carlos IV of Spain and his family
Painted by Fransisco Goya who later became the first cahmber painter for the royal family.
It features life-sized depictions of Charles IV of Spain and his family, ostentatiously dressed in fine costume and jewellery.
In the painting we can see there are Charles IV and his wife, Maria Luisa of Parma, who are surrounded by their children and relatives all dresssed contemporary fashionable clothing and lavishly adorned with jewellery