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Kleinrock’s work laid the foundation for modern digital communications, enabling data to be split into packets and transmitted efficiently across networks. -
The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) is established by the U.S. Department of Defense, becoming the first operational packet-switching network. -
Ray Tomlinson sends the first email using ARPANET, marking a new way for people to communicate over networks. -
ARPANET becomes the first global computer network, connecting international nodes in Europe. -
Martin Cooper of Motorola makes the first-ever mobile phone call, marking a key milestone in mobile communications. -
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), later combined with Internet Protocol (IP), becomes the fundamental protocol of the internet. -
The Motorola DynaTAC 8000X becomes the first mobile phone sold to consumers, though it was bulky and expensive. -
With ARPANET's switch to TCP/IP, the framework for the global internet is established, allowing networks to connect freely. -
DNS creates a hierarchical system for naming websites, allowing users to access websites using easy-to-remember domain names instead of numeric IP addresses.
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Tim Berners-Lee develops the World Wide Web, a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessible via the internet. -
The first website is launched, providing public access to information and demonstrating the potential of the web for sharing knowledge.
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The introduction of 2G networks allows for digital phone calls and the sending of text messages, marking a major shift in mobile technology. -
The first-ever text message is sent, revolutionizing how people communicate on mobile phones. -
Mosaic popularizes the web by making it easier to navigate with a graphical user interface, setting the stage for widespread internet adoption. -
NetMarket enables the first secure retail transaction over the web, laying the groundwork for e-commerce. -
Amazon and eBay debut as pioneers in online shopping, revolutionizing how people buy and sell products. -
The Java programming language is introduced, allowing for more dynamic and interactive web experiences. -
Hotmail’s introduction marks a major shift in email services, offering users free and accessible email accounts through the web. -
The Nokia 9000 Communicator combines mobile phone capabilities with a personal digital assistant (PDA), making it the first smartphone. -
Google launches with an innovative search algorithm that changes the way people find information online. -
BlackBerry introduces a device that allows users to access their email on the go, becoming a favorite among business professionals. -
Napster’s file-sharing service disrupts the music industry and demonstrates the internet’s power for sharing digital content. -
NTT DoCoMo launches i-mode, the first mobile internet service, giving users access to websites from their phones. -
Wikipedia becomes the first major online encyclopedia where users can collaboratively write and edit articles. -
Sharp’s J-SH04 introduces the ability to take pictures with a mobile phone, starting the mobile photography trend. -
3G networks offer faster mobile internet speeds, paving the way for more advanced mobile applications. -
MySpace leads the early rise of social networking, enabling users to create profiles, connect, and share content. -
Facebook starts as a social network for students and quickly becomes a global platform for communication and social interaction. -
The slim, stylish design of the Motorola RAZR makes it a global bestseller, setting a new standard for mobile phone aesthetics. -
YouTube revolutionizes video sharing, making it easy for users to upload, view, and share videos online. -
Twitter introduces the concept of microblogging, allowing users to share short, real-time updates. -
Apple’s iPhone revolutionizes mobile technology by providing a full browsing experience on a mobile device. -
Apple’s iPhone revolutionizes mobile technology with its touchscreen, internet capabilities, and app store. -
Google enters the mobile space with the Android operating system, which quickly becomes a major competitor to Apple’s iOS. -
Google releases Chrome, a fast, secure web browser that quickly gains market share. -
4G LTE offers significantly faster internet speeds for mobile users, enabling better video streaming and data-heavy apps. -
Instagram’s simple interface and photo filters make it an instant success in mobile photo sharing. -
Snapchat popularizes ephemeral messaging, where content disappears after a short time, changing how people share online. -
Siri debuts as the first widely-used voice assistant, allowing users to interact with their phones using voice commands. -
The Apple Watch brings wearable technology into the mainstream, with fitness tracking and notifications from the wrist. -
Facebook continues its dominance as the world’s largest social network, connecting billions of users globally. -
Google Assistant provides users with AI-powered assistance, competing with Apple’s Siri. -
The rollout of 5G networks promises faster speeds and more reliable connections for mobile and internet users. -
Samsung releases the Galaxy Fold, a phone with a flexible screen that can fold in half, offering a new form factor for mobile devices. -
5G networks begin to roll out globally, offering even faster speeds and more reliable connections for mobile devices.
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Mobile payment systems gain popularity, allowing users to make secure payments with their smartphones. -
The global pandemic forces businesses and schools online, leading to explosive growth in online meeting platforms like Zoom. -
Mobile phone adoption reaches a global milestone, with more than 6 billion users worldwide. -
The internet reaches more than half of the world’s population, becoming an essential part of daily life. -
like ChatGPT and Alexa, integrate deeply with mobile ecosystems.