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Woodrow Wilson
Together with Sir Norman Angell he believed that lasting peace could be achieved by overcoming the balance of power and by overcoming secret diplomacy. -
Period: to
Sir Norman Angell
Together with Woodrow Wilson he believed that lasting peace could be achieved by overcoming the balance of power and by overcoming secret diplomacy. -
Period: to
Edward Hallett Carr
He criticized the liberal interpretation of the state system. He said that liberalism failed to take account of power in its analysis of international relations, it ignored Machiavelli's injunction to deal with what the case is, rather than what ought to be the case. Founder of relaism in IR. Author of the fundamental text of realism: Twenty Years Crisis 1919-1939, published in 1939. -
Period: to
Hans Morgenthau
The other face of relaism next to E. H. Carr, the wrote one of the fundamental texts of relaism: Politics Among Nations that was published in 1948. He criticized liberalism as well. -
Liberalism in IR
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Establishment of the discipline
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Institutionalization of academic areas of the study
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The first university department is established in Aberystwyth at the University of Wales
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Practical institution measures
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Establishment of the League of Nations at Geneva
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Establishment of the Permanent Court of International Justice
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Period: to
Kenneth Waltz
His theory of neorealism is one of the most prominent approaches today. He said that theory must distort reality, and that international economic relations and international law must be ignored by theory. -
Realism in IR
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Start of the First Great Debate
Relaism vs. Liberalism -
Period: to
The First Great Debate
The first ontological debate of IR. Between realism and liberalism and the dichtomony between them. -
Reestablishment of the discipline
New question: What is the driving force behind the bevaior of agents? -
Start of the Second Great Debate
Behavoirism vs. traditionalism -
Period: to
The Second Great Debate
Epistemological quarrel between behaviorism and traditionalism about what is the most appropriate way of aquiring knowledge in international relations: scientific vs. classical methods. -
Start of the Third Great Debate
Neorealism vs. neoliberalism vs. neo-Marxism -
Period: to
The Third Great Debate / Interparadigm-debate / Neo-neo synthesis
Neorealism (Main representative:Kenneth Waltz) and neoliberalism (Main representative:Robert Keohane) engaged in a dialogue to defend themselves against critical theories. The appearance of neo-Marxism (Main representative:Robert Cox)-new field for the debate - theory has to deal with social forces. The inerparadigm-debate was used to show that an early consensus about the nature of the discipline had been replaced by a broad spectrum of contending approaches-this condition survives to this day. -
Start of the Fourth Great Debate
When constructivist political scientist, Alexander Wendt published his famous work: Social Theory of International Politics in 1999, it initiated the fourt debate. The central question of the fourth debate was whether theories are ultimately social or not. It is a post-positivist debate between constructivism and the positivist approaches about whether sciences in IR are objective and measurable or not.
