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450
Democritus (460 B.C.)
- Made the theory of atoms being smallest possible object.
- The word atom is derived from the Greek word "atomos".
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450
Aristotle (380 B.C.)
- Dismissed Democritus's idea of atoms. -Claimed all matter is composed of proportions of the elements fire, earth, air, and water.
- Reason behind little exploration into atoms for the next 2000 years.
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John Dalton
- Made the modern atomic theory composed of 5 parts.
- Dalton measured the masses of elements that reacted to form compounds to gather his evidence to support his atomic theory.
- He believed atoms were little balls that could be arranged to form different things.
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J.J. Thomson
- He realized atoms are not indivisible. He acknowledged that atoms are composed of even smaller components (electrons and proton's force).
- JJ gathered evidence using his cathode ray experiment.
- Described the atom as a positively charged pudding with negatively charged raisins sprinkled throughout.
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Rutherford
- Made the discovery of the nucleus and proton belonging in the nucleus. -His model of the atom, "The Nuclear Model" shows this.
- Rutherford based this on his famous gold-foil experiment.
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Bohr
- Stated that electrons orbit in circular orbitals around the nucleus like planets around a star.
- This model Bohr made is named after him the "Bohr Model".
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Heisenburg and Schrodinger
- Stated electrons are not restricted to a circular orbital but instead have a orbital that completely surrounds the atom. -Wrote "The Uncertainty Principle" to help explain behavior of things at the atomic level. -Their model of the atom is called "The Quantum Mechanics Model".