HISTORY OF THE ATOM

democritus

460 BCE

1. Democritus lived from 460 BC to 370 BC and was born in Abdera, Thrace.
2. Democritus proposed a picture or image of an atom that distinguished them from each other by their shape and size and that everything is made of atoms.
3. Used analogies from humans sense experiences
4. was also a pioneer of mathematics and geometry also had works on nature

Antoine Lavoisier

1794

1. 1743 to 1794 was born in France
2. came up with the law of conversation, matter can’t be made or destroyed
3. he turned HgO into Hg+O
4. was question for treason during the French revolution

john dalton

1800

1.1766 to 1844, England
2. created the Dalton theory which stated
All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.
All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties
Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.
etc
3. had to do a lot of library research and researched almost every scientist who had any knowledge of atoms and was based on his experimental observations
4. started teaching at a school at age 12

Marie Curie

1934

1. 1867 to 1934, Poland to France
2. discovered radium which proved that the atoms of one element were not indivisible
3. due to her own research and studies
4. her husband and his brother invented the electrometer

Robert Millikan

1953

1. 1871 to 1997, New Zealand
   
2. found that in the center of an atom there was something called the nucleus and that led to the first model of an atom that had a nucleus and found the charges of the atoms.
3. gold foil experiment
4. had an element named after him

Albert Einstein

1955

1. 1879 to 1955 Germany to USA
2. published an analysis that devised a mathematical way to foreshadows the size of both atoms and molecules.
3. found this out based on his own scientific research
4. was a high school drop out Hitler considered him enemy number one.

Erwin Schrodinger

1961

1. 1887 to 1961, Austria
2. made a proposal that particles of matter have a dual nature and that in some situations act like waves, making a theory from that same thought  
3. went to the University of Zürich and stayed there for 6 years then produced papers that gave the groundwork of quantum wave mechanics
4. He Got His PhD at the Age of 23 His Cat Was both Alive and Dead at the Same Time

Niels Bohr

1962

1. 1885 to 1962, Denmark
2. suggested that electrons don't spiral but orbit in levels or called the bohr model/ the quantum model. The more energy it gives off the closer it is to the nucleus while the more energy it observes the farther away it is.
3. his own research led him to theorize that
4. worked on the Manhattan project

James Chadwick

1974

1. 1891 to 1974, England
2. discovered the neutron
3. observed beryllium, and found out when its exposed by alpha particles, released a radiation without electrical charge, the neutron
4. was imprisoned when world war I broke out

Max Planck

1974

1. 1858 to 1947, Germany 2.used the idea of quanta to explain hot glowing matter
2. mathematics
3. Planck’s work on the quantum theory was published and his work was summarized in 2 books

Werner Heisenberg

1976

1. 1901-1976 germany
2. made the Uncertainty Priciple, the more precisely the position of a electron the less accurate its momentum is known
3. he was working with Bohr’s research in copehagen and while bohr was away and had a shocking realization
4. he was nominated for the Nobel Prize by Albert Einstein and awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for the 'creation of quantum mechanics'.

Louis De Broglie

1987

1. 1892 to 1987, remained in France
2. suggested that light and matter were the same being observed from different perspectives and that particles act like waves and waves can act like particles.
3. studding the theory he introduced
4. won a Nobel Prize in 1929 for Physics also studied atomic energy, cybernetics, gamma rays, etc.

J.J Thomson

1997

1. 1856 to 1940, England
2. created the cathode ray which was able to test the polarity of atoms and the idea that an atom was like “plum pudding” the positive was the goo and once in a while you’d get the chunk of plum which was the negative.
3. he used the cathode ray
4. was knighted by king Edward VII in 1908

Ernest Rutherford

1997

1. 1871 to 1997, New Zealand
   
2. found that in the center of an atom there was something called the nucleus and that led to the first model of an atom that had a nucleus and found the charges of the atoms.
3. gold foil experiment
4. had an element named after him