History of Technology

  • Joseph Marie Jacquard invents Wooden punch cards

    In France, Joseph Marie Jacquard invents a loom that uses punched wooden cards to automatically weave fabric designs. Early computers would use similar punch cards.
  • Herman Hollerith designs a punch card system

    Herman Hollerith designs a punch card system to calculate the 1880 census, accomplishing the task in just three years and saving the government $5 million. He establishes a company that would ultimately become IBM.
  • PC gaming is made famous

    PCs become gaming machines as "Command & Conquer," "Alone in the Dark 2," "Theme Park," "Magic Carpet," "Descent" and "Little Big Adventure" are among the games to hit the market.
  • Fortran programming is created

    The FORTRAN programming language is born.
  • Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce unveil the integrated circuit

    Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce unveil the integrated circuit, known as the computer chip. Kilby was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000 for his work.
  • People can share a single computer

    By the early 1960s many people can share a single computer, using terminals to log in over phone lines. These timesharing computers are like central hubs with spokes radiating to individual users. Although the computers generally can't connect to each other, these are the first common multi-user systems, with dozens of people online at the same time. As a result, timesharing pioneers many features of later networks, from file sharing to email and chat.
  • Robert Metcalfe develops the ethernet

    Robert Metcalfe, a member of the research staff for Xerox, develops Ethernet for connecting multiple computers and other hardware.
  • Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start Apple Computers

    Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started Apple Computers on April Fool’s Day and roll out the Apple I, the first computer with a single-circuit board.
  • The Internet was made

    ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on January 1, 1983, and from there researchers began to assemble the “network of networks” that became the modern Internet. The online world then took on a more recognizable form in 1990, when computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web.
  • Microsoft announces Windows

    Microsoft announces Windows, its response to Apple’s GUI. Commodore unveils the Amiga 1000, which features advanced audio and video capabilities.
  • Compaq brings the Deskpro 386 to market

    Compaq brings the Deskpro 386 to market. Its 32-bit architecture provides as speed comparable to mainframes.
  • Apple unveils the Mac OS X operating system

    Apple unveils the Mac OS X operating system, which provides protected memory architecture and pre-emptive multitasking, among other benefits.
  • Mozilla’s Firefox 1.0 was created

    Mozilla’s Firefox 1.0 challenges Microsoft’s Internet Explorer, the dominant Web browsers.
  • Microsoft launches Windows 7

    Microsoft launches Windows 7, which offers the ability to pin applications to the taskbar and advances in touch and handwriting recognition, among other features.
  • Google releases Chromebook

    Google released the Chromebook, a laptop that runs the Google Chrome OS.