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Gallaudet University Founding - April 8, 1864
Gallaudet University was the first institution dedicated to higher education for the deaf and hard of hearing, promoting educational access for students with disabilities. -
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History of Special Education and Inclusive Education
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Brown v. Board of Education
This landmark Supreme Court case ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. It set a legal precedent for inclusion and equal access to education for all students, including those with disabilities. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
Section 504 prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in federally funded programs. It was foundational in establishing educational rights for students with disabilities. (section 504)[https://www.eeoc.gov/rehabilitation-act-1973-original-text] -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
The EAHCA guaranteed free and appropriate public education (FAPE) to children with disabilities and was the predecessor to IDEA. It emphasized the importance of individualized education programs (IEPs). -
Inclusion Movement
The inclusion movement focused on placing students with disabilities in general education classrooms with appropriate supports. This movement shifted the focus from segregation to integrated learning. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
The ADA extended civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities, including ensuring accessibility in schools and public spaces. This law significantly impacted inclusive education practices. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) - 1990
The IDEA Act ensures students with disabilities receive free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment. It mandates individualized education programs (IEPs) and protections for parents and students. IDEA has been pivotal in promoting mainstreaming and inclusion. -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
NCLB aimed to close achievement gaps by holding schools accountable for student progress. It included provisions for students with disabilities, emphasizing their right to quality education and assessment. -
UN Con on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
This global treaty reinforced the right to inclusive education for individuals with disabilities. It emphasized equal access to education and accommodations for all learners. -
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
ESSA replaced NCLB and continued emphasizing accountability while expanding provisions for students with disabilities. It aimed to provide equitable education opportunities for all students.