-
Brown V. Board of Education
In the 1954 Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education , the court declared that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. It was brought against Topeka, Kansas, by Oliver Brown and other African American parents, and it contested the "separate but equal" ruling from Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). The Court unanimously ruled that segregated schools violated the 14th Amendment because they were fundamentally unfair. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965)
The goal of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act was to reduce educational disparities by giving federal financing to schools, especially those that serve low-income communities. It allocated funds to enhance underprivileged kids access to education. The Act established initiatives aimed at providing equal access to high-quality education for kids with disabilities. The federal government made a major commitment to guaranteeing educational equity for all children. -
Support for Special Education by Enhancing Educational Opportunities
Title VI of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965, as amended in 1968, provided support for special education by enhancing educational opportunities for underprivileged students. These reforms, which went into effect on January 2, 1968, brought special education funding and programs, which was a crucial step in meeting the requirements of students with disabilities and guaranteeing them access to high-quality education. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act forbids discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal support. Equal access to public services, work opportunities, and education is guaranteed. In order to guarantee the participation and achievement of children with disabilities in educational programs, schools are required to provide accommodations. More inclusive policies and rights for people with disabilities were made possible by this important legislation. -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was the primary legislation that led to the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1975. After major revisions were made in 1990, it was renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Since then, the act has been reauthorized multiple times with further modifications aimed at enhancing and broadening educational opportunities for kids with disabilities. -
The Individualized Education Program
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act created the Individualized Education Program (IEP). According to this rule, schools had to design a customized lesson plan for every student who has a disability. The IEP specifies the particular learning objectives, modifications, and services required to satisfy each student's unique needs and guarantee that they have the help and chance to succeed academically. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
The historic Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) forbids discrimination against people with disabilities in all spheres of public life, including employment, education, and transportation. People with disabilities are guaranteed equal opportunities and access to public services and facilities through the ADA's standards of accessibility and reasonable accommodations. It greatly improved civil rights and inclusion for people with disabilities in the United States. -
No Child Left Behind
The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was a landmark education reform bill designed to close achievement disparities and raise student accomplishment. Standardized testing, accountability, and yearly progress for educational institutions, including those that serve students with disabilities, were underlined. The statute aimed to guarantee that every student, irrespective of circumstances, was given a top-notch education and advanced sufficiently each year. -
The Common Core State Standards
The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) are a collection of academic benchmarks created to guarantee uniform state-by-state educational goals. In order to get kids ready for college and the workforce, they place a strong emphasis on fundamental topics like arithmetic and English language arts. The CCSS have been implemented by several states to encourage high standards and enhance educational outcomes, particularly for students with disabilities, even though they are not a federal mandate. -
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
Passed in 2015, the Every Student Succeeds Act supplanted No Child Left Behind with the intention of giving states more latitude in establishing academic requirements. ESSA places a strong emphasis on equity to guarantee that all students, even those from underprivileged families, receive a top-notch education. It lessens federal oversight in favor of regional approaches to raising student performance, bridging achievement disparities, and assisting failing schools.