History of Special Education

First American School for the Deaf

1817

The American School for the Deaf was established in Hartford, Connecticut, as the first school in the United States specifically for deaf students. It set the foundation for special education in the U.S.

Brown v. Board of Education

1954

Although primarily a civil rights case, this landmark Supreme Court ruling declared that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, setting a precedent for inclusion and equal educational opportunities.

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

1965

This act provided federal funding to primary and secondary education and emphasized equal access to education, establishing a precedent for later special education laws.
ESEA

Rehabilitation Act (Section 504)

1973

This act was the first to address the needs of people with disabilities, prohibiting discrimination against students with disabilities in federally funded programs.

Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)

1975

This law mandated that public schools provide equal access to education for children with disabilities, marking a significant step toward inclusive education.
Video on EAHCA

ndividuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

1990

IDEA replaced EAHCA, ensuring students with disabilities the right to a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

1990

The ADA extended civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities in various areas, including education, promoting accessibility and inclusion.

No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)

2001

NCLB reauthorized the ESEA and included measures to hold schools accountable for the educational outcomes of all students, including those with disabilities.

IDEA Reauthorization

2004

The reauthorization of IDEA emphasized accountability and improved educational outcomes for students with disabilities, reinforcing inclusive practices.

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

2015

ESSA replaced NCLB, maintaining the commitment to equal educational opportunities for all students, including those with disabilities.