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The U.S. signs a treaty with Cherokee tribes
The U.S. signed a treaty in which it recognizes the Cherokees their rights to speak their native language. In 1828, the Cherokee people demanded rights to speak their native language. Cherokees established a 21 school educational system that used the Cherokee syllabrary to accomplish a ninety percent literacy rate in their native language. -
Ohio adopts bilingual education
Schools were requested by parents to have bilingual education. -
Mexican territory is annexed to the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe
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The federal government forces Native-American children to attend off-reservation schools.
Native-Americans were banned from speaking their nattive language. They were forced to go to schools away from their reservation as a punishment for speaking their language. -
First Antibilingual educaitonal legislation has passed
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U.S. wins Spanish-American War and colonizes Puerto Rico and the Philippines
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Meyer vs. Nebraska
The Supreme Court bans an English-only law in a case brought by German Americans. -
Del Rio Independent School District v. Salvatierra
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Lemon Grove v. Álvarez
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Massive IQ testing of Puerto Ricans in New York is used to justify widespread school placement of Spanish-speaking children two to three years below grade level
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Japanese-language schools are closed
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Period: to
Méndez v. Westminster School District
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Bilingual Education was reborn
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Immigrants fleeing the Cuban revolution demand Spanish-language schooling
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The Civil Rights Act: Title VI
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10,000 Chicanos boycott schools in Los Angeles demanding bilingual education and more Latino teachers; boycotts spread across U.S.
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ESEA Title VII offers funding for bilingual education programs. First bilingual kindergarten in New York City
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A Group of non-speaking English Chinese students sued San Francisco Unified Schools district officials
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Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver, Colorado
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The Equal Education Opportunities Act
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Lau Remedies
The May 25 (1975) Memorandum from the Office for Civil Rights (also called the Lau Remedies) mandated that school districts with more than 5 percent national-origin minority children must offer special language instruction for students with a limited command of English. -
Ríos v. Read
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Castañeda v. Pickard
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Plyler v. Doe
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Gómez v. Illinois State Board of Education
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Florida Consent Decree
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA), Public Law 108-446
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Williams et al. v. State of California et al
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No Child Left Behind Act, Title III
