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Engel vs. Vitale
U. S. Supreme Court rules that the state of New York's Regents prayer violates the First Amendment. The ruling specifies that "state officials may not compose an official state prayer and require that it be recited in the public schools of the State at the beginning of each school day. . . " -
L.B.J. signs ESEA legislation
Part of Lyndon Johnson's "War on Poverty," it provides federal funds to help low-income students, which results in the initiation of educational programs such as Title I and bilingual education. -
American Indian Education Act
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Lau vs. Nichols
The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the failure of the San Francisco School District to provide English language instruction to Chinese-American students with limited English proficiency (LEP) is a violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
Garrity Busing Ruling
African American students to predominantly white schools in order to achieve racial integration of public schools in Boston, MA. -
Immigration and Nationality Act
Specific aspects of the law provide for family-sponsored visas; employment-based visas for priority workers, skilled workers, and "advanced professionals"; and 55,000 diversity visas "allocated to natives of a country that has sent fewer than 50,000 immigrants to the United States over the previous five years." -
Improving America's Schools Act (IASA)
Increased funding for bilingual and immigrant education; and provisions for public charter schools, drop-out prevention, and educational technology. -
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act
It prohibits states from offering higher education benefit based on residency within a state (in-state tuition) to undocumented immigrants unless the benefit is available to any U.S. citizen or national -
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
Mandates high-stakes student testing, holds schools accountable for student achievement levels, and provides penalties for schools that do not make adequate yearly progress toward meeting the goals of NCLB. -
American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009
90-billion dollars for education, nearly half of which goes to local school districts to prevent layoffs and for school modernization and repair. It includes the Race to the Top initiative, a 4.35-billion-dollar program designed to induce reform in K-12 education.
