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Period: 130 to 200
Galen of Pergamon
Greek medical theorist, who left a long legacy of ideas. -
Period: 1304 to 1374
Francesco Petrarch
Renaissance Poet -
1336
Francesco Petrarch climbs Mont Ventoux
Mont Ventoux (a barren, almost lunar-like peak in the center of France)
"solely from the desire to see [the mountain's] conspicuous height" -
Period: to
Jan van Goyen, artist
He was intrigued by man's relationship to the sea. His paintings showed workers busily employed on a sandy beach. He also painted the shore from various angles by being on a ship. He made a self portait while being at the beach. -
Period: to
James Ussher, Archbishop of Armagh
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Period: to
Thomas Burnet
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Period: to
Dutch Artists
They became popular and other painters throughout Europe, including England started to follow their concept of paintings of the ocean/sea scenery. -
James Ussher, Archbishop
- Used clues found in the Old Testament, to determine the age of the Earth.
- He concluded that it was created at 9 am, on Monday, October 26, 4004 BCE.
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Grand Tour
1st flourished -
Thomas Burnet, a theologian
- Went over the Simplon Pass (a route that tourists used to go to Italy)
- Burnet was captivated by the landscape.
- Through his travel, he started an intellectual revolution.
- He made an effort to change the Christian doctrine about the Earth with his observation. He came up with "Mundane egg"
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Telluris Theoria Sacra (Latin Version)
book: [Sacred Theory of the Earth] -
Sacred -theory of the Earth (English Version)
book -
Period: to
Dr. Samuel Johnson
- Travelled through Scotland and went to see the Bullers of Buchan of Aberdeen.
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Period: to
James Hutton
- published a series of paper & books: outlining the cycle of "freeze & thaw", the rushing of rivers & crashing of seas, exploration of volcanoes & the shaking of earthquakes had all played a role the Earth's evolution.
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Period: to
Edmund Burke
- An important thinker and British politician of the 2nd half of the 18th century.
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Period: to
Sir Richard Hill
"A Shropshire landowner, dug out a 2-mile long lake, focused attention on a "300-foot high white sandstone outcrop," and constructed an elaborate grotto along with caves..." (p.39 in A History of Modern Tourism) -
Glaciers visited
Europeans on their Grand Tours began climbing higher in the mountains to see the glaciers. -
Period: to
James Boswell
Dr. Johnson's travelling companion & biographer -
Period: to
Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
- Wrote a multivolume essay entitle "Histoire Naturelle"
- "Histoire Naturelle" - it laid out a story that divided the global history into 7 eras spanning 75,000 years.
- "Histoire Naturelle" - sparked considerable debate and lead to more publications.
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London Population
only town in UK with a population of 50, 000 -
A Vindication of Natural Society
1st essay of Edmund Burke -
Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
This paper was written by Edmund Burke -
Period: to
William Wordsworth
major English Romantic poet -
Period: to
Ludwig van Beethoven, composer
He attempted to capture the environment orchestrally. e.g. His 6th symphony the "Pastoral", evoke nature in music. -
Period: to
Dorothy Wordsworth
- Dorothy Mae Ann Wordsworth was an English author, poet and diarist.
- She was the sister of the Romantic poet William Wordsworth.
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Period: to
Sir Walter Scott
- One of the leading romanticists.
- Was a literary "rock star"
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Period: to
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
- a romantic poet
- addicted to opium
- addicted to mountain climbing
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Period: to
Caspar David Friedrich
Painted "The Wanderer Above the Sea Fog" -
Mont Blanc
Western Europe's highest mountain was 1st climbed. -
Reflections on the Revolution in France
Essay written by Edmund Burke -
Period: to
Charles Lyell
- Built upon James Hutton's work
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Samuel Taylor Coleridge's hiking trip
- Hiking trip through England's Lake District
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Coleridge ventured onto Sca Fell
- Sca Fell, the highest mountain in UK
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge was addicted to the sublime.
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Samuel Taylor Coleridge trip to Scotland cut short
- The trip to Scotland was with William and Dorothy Wordsworth.
- It was cut short due to Samuel's withdrawal symptoms.
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Period: to
Charles Darwin, a scientist
- Greatest scientist of the 19th century
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Period: to
Felix Mendelssohn, composer
Travelled to Scotland and he composed the "Scottish Symphony" & "Hebrides Overtures", which both reflect on the sublime character of the Scottish Highlands & Islands. -
Period: to
Albert Smith
journalist -
Period: to
Karl Marx
He was concerned with the living conditions of the workers. -
Period: to
Friedrich Engels
He was concerned with the living conditions of the workers. -
The Principles of Geology: An Attempt to Explain the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface by Reference to Causes Now in Operation
- 3 volume text written by Charles Lyell
- made a case for an evolutionary history of geology
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Charles Darwin's journey to Chile
- Travelled on the HMS Beagle
- He climbed mountains and discovered fossilized seashells
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The Voyage of the Beagle
Written by Charles Darwin and it was hit among the readers. -
Population of cities in UK
29 cities with a population of 50,000 -
Albert Smith & company
Albert Smith reached the top of Mont Blanc along with 3 Oxford students and 16 guides. -
World's 1st climbing cub
London - comprised of respectable men, lawyers, businessmen, teachers, civil servants, and churchmen. -
Origins of Species
written by Charles Darwin -
Period: to
Clubs being formed
This took place throughout Europe and these clubs similar to the 1st climbing club.
