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Period: 500 to Dec 31, 1300
Middle Ages
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541
Plague of Justinian
Major pandemic that struck the Middle East and Mediterranean regions, causing the estimated deaths of 25 million people. -
659
Dental Amalgams
One of the most important contributions to medicine from medieval China was the creation of amalgams for dental procedures. -
Jan 1, 754
Pharmacies
First pharmacy was established in Baghdad in the year 754. These were places for “the art of knowing the materia medica simples in their various species, types and shapes." -
Jan 1, 1231
Frederick II
"Frederick II promulgated a set of laws concerning medical education standards and licensure that were far ahead of his time. Although these laws did not have an immediate effect on medical training and practice, his codification of the importance of premedical education probably reinforced and stabilized an educational method which was developing and which became a cornerstone of the professionalization of physicians." -
1249
Roger Bacon
Roger invents spectacles (glasses). -
Period: Jan 1, 1301 to
Renaissance
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1315
Mondino de Luzzi
He conducted a public dissection for his students and spectators. The following year he wrote Anathomia corporis humani, which is considered the first example of a modern dissection manual and the first true anatomical text. -
1338
Black Death
Massive disease that was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people. -
1377
Quarantine
The concept of quarantine – to keep groups of people apart so that disease could not spread. -
1400
Trepanning
It is a surgical procedure where a hole is drilled into the skull to gain access to the dura for treatment of intracranial ailments. It has been practiced from prehistoric times. "In Renaissance era, trepan and trephine (screw-like saw and holder) were used to perform trepanation operations. Trepanation was believed to cure seizures, skull fractures, and mental disorders. No matter how horrifying trepanation may seem, it was a highly successful procedure." -
Jan 1, 1500
Hospitals
The first concept of hospitals – a place where patients could be treated by doctors with access to specialized equipment. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
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Rene Laennec
He invented the stethoscope. Perfected the art of auditory examination of the chest cavity. -
Florence Nightingale
Worked to formalize nursing education. Also founded modern nursing. -
Cholera
Struck England by killing 30,000 people in an outbreak that lasted of of the year. -
Louis Pasteur
Proved there was a link between germs, decay, and disease. Later on discovered a vaccine for Cholera, Anthrax, and Rabies. -
X-Ray
Wilhelm Conrad was experimenting and saw that rays were emitted in the current of the discharge tube. -
Period: to
Modern World
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Blood Transfusion
First succesful human blood transfusion using Landsteiner's ABO blood typing technique. -
Edward Mellanby
Discovers vitamin D and shows that its absence causes rickets; which is a bone disease. -
Insulin
On January 11, 1922 insulin was first used in the treatment of diabetes. Insulin was discovered by Sir Frederick G Banting. -
Kidney Transplant on identical twins
Dr. Joseph E. Murray performs the first kidney transplant between identical twins. -
Cloned Mammal
"Dolly the sheep becomes the first mammal cloned from an adult cell" -
Human Genome Discoveries Reach the Bedside
"In 2000, scientists in with the International Human Genome Project released a rough draft of the human genome to the public. For the first time the world could read the complete set of human genetic information and begin to discover what our roughly 23,000 genes do." -
Period: to
21st Century
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Dr. Colin McGuckin and Dr. Nico Forraz
Prof. Colin McGuckin and Dr. Nico Forraz of Newcastle University grew the first human liver. They gathered stem cells from umbilical cord blood, then placed them in a “bioreactor,” a device developed by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The bioreactor simulates weightlessness and helps the cells to multiply quickly. -
Bionic Limbs
The development of the first advanced movement prosthetic leg that communicates with the person's mind. The prosthetic limb uses sensors that rely on nerves that are called reinnervated nerves. -
Gene Therapy
Gene replacement therapy uses a new, working gene to treat or prevent diseases. Gene therapy is also being used to cure an inherited form of blindness. -
Electrontic Cigarettes
Number of people using electronic cigarettes has increased extremely, especially in children. Government estimates 2 million teen users. Vaping, juuling, njoy, ect. are all examples of electronic cigarettes and is worse than actual smoking. One pod is equal to one pack of actual cigarettes. It's the number one problem among teens.
